EN
The miR396 and growth-regulating factor (GRF) regulatory network is evolutionarily conserved among plant species. The orthologous GRF genes in rice were involved in regulating grain development, and targeted by miR396. However, there are still no more information about the involvement of miR396 and GRF genes in maize grain. In this article, RNA sequencing was performed on the developing maize kernels to analyze the dynamic profiles of miR396 and GRF genes and explore their possible regulatory roles during maize effective grain filling. Our results showed that GRF genes were also the conserved targets of miR396 in maize, according to computational prediction and validated by degradome sequencing. MiR396 expressed high and gradually declined with advancing maize grain filling, significant negatively correlated with its target GRF genes, which mostly increased continuously. Our test also provided a testimony of miR396-GRF network in different regulations between the development of maize embryo and endosperm by real-time quantitative PCR. And further analysis of expression pattern suggested that miR319, miR166, and RDR might interact with miR396-GRF network during grain development in maize. This study mainly provided a valuable foundation for future comprehensive analysis of miR396-GRF network, and further research work is needed to confirm the regulatory roles of miR396 and GRF genes during grain filling in maize.