Wartość paszowa nasion łubinu w żywieniu świń, drobiu i ryb

• Autorzy: Buraczewska L. , Pastuszewska B. , Smulikowska S.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Nutritive value of lupin seeds for pigs, poultry and fish

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W Polsce są uprawiane trzy gatunki łubinu: żółty (L. luteus), wąskolistny (L. angustifolius) i biały (L. albus), chociaż uprawa tego ostatniego obecnie uległa znacznemu zmniejszeniu. Zawartość składników odżywczych w nasionach tych 3 gatunków wynosi odpowiednio (w g·kg-1 suchej masy): białka ogólnego 430, 320 i 360, tłuszczu surowego 80, 80 i 110, pozostałe składniki to: polisacharydy nieskrobiowe (NSP), włókno surowe oraz α-galaktozydy, które nie są trawione przez enzymy własne zwierząt. Wskutek tego wartość energii metabolicznej łubinu, szczególnie dla młodych świń i kurcząt jest dość niska. Niezależnie od gatunku, około 98% składników odżywczych znajduje się w liścieniach i zarodku, a łuska, która stanowi od 200 do 250 g·kg-1 masy nasion składa się głównie z włókna surowego i NSP. Alkaloidy chinolizydynowe są głównymi związkami o działaniu antyżywieniowym w łubinach, ostatnio zarejestrowane odmiany zawierają mniej alkaloidów niż starsze (od 100 do 390 mg·kg-1), gdy zawartość dopuszczalna w UE wynosi 200 mg·kg-1 nasion. Drób jest mniej wrażliwy na alkaloidy niż świnie, które szczególnie źle tolerują alkaloidy łubinu białego (spożycie obniża się silnie powyżej 120 mg alkaloidów·kg-1 paszy). Łubinem można zastąpić część śruty sojowej w mieszankach dla tuczników i drobiu i część mączki rybnej w mieszankach dla ryb. Obłuszczanie nasion łubinu jest zalecane, gdy są skarmiane rybami. Uzupełnianie mieszanek różnymi karbohydrazami poprawia wyniki produkcyjne u świń, natomiast u drobiu może zwiększać lepkość i wilgotność odchodów.

EN

Three species of sweet lupin: yellow (L. luteus), narrow-leaved (L. angustifolius) and white (L. albus) are cultivated in Poland, but the importance of the last-one is now declining. The content of nutrients in the whole seeds is as follows (in g·kg-1 DM): crude protein 430, 320 and 360, crude fat 80, 80 and 110 respectively. Remaining components are: non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), crude fibre and α-galactosides, which are not digested by animals own enzymes and contribute to relatively low metabolizable energy value of lupins. In all species about 98% nutrients is found in kernels, while hulls which comprise 200 to 250 g·kg-1 seed mass are composed mainly of crude fibre and NSP. Quinolizidine alkaloids are the main antinutrients in lupins, recently cultivated varieties contain less alkaloids than older ones (from 100 to 390 mg·kg-1), while the EU limit is 200 mg·kg-1 seeds. Poultry seems to tolerate the alkaloids better than pigs, which are particularly sensitive to white lupin alkaloids (feed intake strongly decreases above 120 mg alkaloids·kg-1 feed). Sweet lupin may partly substitute soybean meal in diets for pigs and poultry or fish meal in diets for fish. Dehulling of the seeds is recommended only if they are fed to fish. Supplementation of lupin diets with different carbohydrases tends to increase energy utilization in pigs and in poultry but may elevate viscosity and moisture content of chicken excreta.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: 550
• Opis fizyczny: s.21-31,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Buraczewska L.

autor

Pastuszewska B.

autor

Smulikowska S.

Bibliografia

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