Scientific bases of the humus stabilization in ordinary chernozem in Russia

• Autorzy: Goryanin O. , Chichkin A. , Dzhangabaev B. , Shcherbinina E.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The influence of long-term use of mineral and organic fertilizers, crop rotations, plant residues, soil treatment systems on humus content of common chernozems and stabilization of productivity of field crops in the arid conditions of the Middle Volga region is considered on the example of researches in the Samara area. The zone climate of field experiments is characterized as extremely continental. The sum of the active temperatures (above 10°C) is 2,800-3,000°C. The average annual rainfall is 454.1 mm with fluctuations over the years from 187.5 mm to 704.6 mm. At some years, precipitation does not happen within a month or more. Hydrothermal index in May-August is 0,7, the duration of the frost-free period is 149 days. If the humus content in the region is 4.35-4.52%, then, it is necessary to introduce 6.7-8.0 t/ha of manure per year to maintain the balance of the deficit. The introduction of biological methods for the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility (green fertilizers, perennial grasses, straw as fertilizer) reduces the loss of humus by 0.15-0.24 t/ha. This makes it possible to increase the payback of mineral fertilizers, which must be taken into account when developing fertility reproduction systems for soils. In the variants with minimal and differentiated cultivation of the soil during crop rotation in 30 years of the study, the loss of humus in the 0-30 cm layer decreased by 0.04 - 0.73% (43-789 kg per year with maximum values in the combination of direct seeding of spring crops with deep loosening for a number of crop rotations is 4.14%, significantly exceeding the control (by 0.54%). The decrease in soil fertility in the variants with constant plowing and minimal tillage contributed to an increase in the conjugation of productivity of crops with humus. Based on the research, in order to preserve the fertility of the soil of ordinary chernozem, it is necessary to use green fertilizer, leguminous perennial grasses. In the regional rotations of crop production, new generation technologies are recommended, the basis of which is differentiated tillage with the use of crushed straw as fertilizer.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Soil Science
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: 52
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.113-128,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Goryanin O.

• Samara Research Scientific Institute of Agriculture, 41, Karl Marx St., Bezenchuk, Samara Region, 446254, Russia

autor

Chichkin A.

• Samara Research Scientific Institute of Agriculture, 41, Karl Marx St., Bezenchuk, Samara Region, 446254, Russia

autor

Dzhangabaev B.

• Samara Research Scientific Institute of Agriculture, 41, Karl Marx St., Bezenchuk, Samara Region, 446254, Russia

autor

Shcherbinina E.

• Samara Research Scientific Institute of Agriculture, 41, Karl Marx St., Bezenchuk, Samara Region, 446254, Russia

Bibliografia

• [1] Bakirov, F.G., 2008. Efficiency of resource-saving systems of processing of chernozems of the steppe zone of the southern Urals. Doctoral dissertation abstract of Agricultural Sciences, Orenburg, pp. 48.
• [2] Blaise, D., 2011. Tillage and green manure effects on Bt transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrid grown on rainfed Vertisols of central India. Soil and Tillage Research, 114(2): 86–96.
• [3] Blanco-Canqui, H., Lal, R., 2008. No-tillage and soil profile-carbon sequestration: An onfarm assessment. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 72: 693–701. DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2007.0233.
• [4] Blanco-Moure, N., Gracia, R., Bielsa, A., López, M.V., 2013. Long-term no tillage effects on particulate and mineral associated soil organic matter under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Soil Use and Management, 29: 250–259. DOI: 10.1111/sum.12039.
• [5] Cherkasov, G.N., Pykhtin, I.G., Gostev, A.V., 2015. Perspectives of using zero and surface treatments in Russia. Actual Agrosystems, 7–8(31): 8–13.
• [6] Cherkasov, E.A., Kulikova, A.Kh., Lobachev, D.A., 2017. Dynamics of soil fertility change in the Ulyanovsk region for 1965–2015. Achievements of Science and Technology of Agroindustrial Complex, 4: 10–17.
• [7] Chichkin, A.P., 2001. System of fertilizers and reproduction of fertility of ordinary chernozems of Zavolzhye. Moscow, RAAS, pp. 250.
• [8] Chub, M.P., Potaturina, N.V., Pronko, V.V.,Klimova, N.F., Yaroshenko, T.M., 2009. Productivity of grain-steamed crop rotation and fertility of southern chernozem of the Volga region with application of different fertilizer systems. Agrochemistry, 5: 29–41.
• [9] Chudanov, I.A., 2006. Resource-Saving Systems of Soil Treatment in the Middle Volga Region. Samara, pp. 236.
• [10] Crovetto, K., 2010. Direct Sowing (No-Till). Samara, 206 pp.
• [11] De Rouw, A., Huon, S., Soulileuth, B., Jouquet, P., Pierret, A., Ribolzi, O., Valentin, C., Bourdon, E., Chantharath, F., 2010. Possibilities of carbon and nitrogen sequestration under conventional tillage and no-till cover crop farming (Mekong valley, Laos). Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 136(1–2): 148–161. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2009.12.013.
• [12] Goryanin, O.I., Shevchenko, S.N., Korchagin, V.A., 2018. Trends of climate change and its impact on the cultivation of crops in the middle Volga region. Meteorology and Hydrology, 6: 106–110.
• [13] Gregorich, E.G., Carter, M.R., Angers, D.A., Drury, C.F., 2009. Using a sequential density and particle-size fractionation to evaluate carbon and nitrogen storage in the profile of tilled and no-till soils in eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 89(3): 255–267. DOI: 10.4141/CJSS08034.
• [14] Kalichkin, V.K., 2008. Minimal soil cultivation in Siberia: Problems and prospects. Agriculture, 5: 24–26.
• [15] Kashtanov, A.I., 1983. Soil fertility in intensive agriculture: Theoretical and methodological aspects. Bulletin of Agricultural Sciences, 12: 60–80.
• [16] Kazakov, G.I., Milyutin, V.A., 2010. Ecologization and Energy Saving in Agriculture of the Middle Volga Region: Monograph. Samara, EPC SSAA, pp. 245.
• [17] Korchagin, V.A., Goryanin, O.I., Obushenko, S.V., Chichkin, A.P., 2014. The concept of reproduction of fertility in Chernozem soils of steppe regions of the Middle TRANS-Volga region. Proceedings of the Samara Scientific Center of RAS, 16/5(3): 1081–1085.
• [18] Kulikova, A.H., 1999. Agroecological concept of reproduction of fertility of Chernozem of forest-steppe of the Volga region. Problems of increase of productivity and stability of agriculture of forest-steppe of the Volga region: Collection of scientific works. Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy, Ulyanovsk, pp. 11–19.
• [19] Laudicina, V.A., Novara, A., Barbera, V., Egli, M., Badalucco, L., 2012. Long-term tillage and cropping system effects on chemical and biochemical characteristics of soil organic matter in a Mediterranean environment. Land Degradation & Development, 26: 45–63. DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2293.
• [20] Lykov, A.M., Prudnikov, A.G., Prudnikov, A.D., 2006. To the problem of greening of tillage in modern farming systems. Fertility, 6: 2–5.
• [21] Martín-Lammerding, D., Tenorio, J.L., Albarrán, M.M., Zambrana, E., Walter, I., 2013. Influence of tillage practices on soil biologically active organic matter content over a growing season under semiarid Mediterranean climate. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 11: 232–243. DOI: 10.5424/siar/2013111-3455.
• [22] Mineev, V.G., Rempe, E.Kh., 1990. Agrochemistry of biology and soil ecology. Moscow, Rosagropromizdat, pp. 206.
• [23] Salvo, L., Hernández, J., Ernst, O., 2010. Distribution of soil organic carbon in different size fractions, under pasture and crop rotations with conventional tillage and no-till systems. Soil & Tillage Research, 109: 116–122. DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2010.05.008.
• [24] Soane, B., Ball, B., Arvidsson, J., Basch, G., Moreno, F., Roger-Estrade, J, 2012. No-till in northern, western and south-western Europe: A review of problems and opportunities for crop production and the environment. Soil & Tillage Research, 118: 66–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2011.10.0.
• [25] Vlasenko, A.N., Filimonov, Yu.P., Kalichkin, V.K., Jodko, L.N., Usolkin, V.T., 2003. Ecologization of Soil Cultivation in Western Siberia. Novosibirsk, pp. 268

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.17951/pjss/2019.52.1.113