Zawartość ogólnych i łatwoekstahowalnych glomalin oraz białek glebowych spokrewnionych z glomalinami w różnych typach gleb Polski spod upraw żyta i pszenicy

• Autorzy: Galazka A.

Warianty tytułu

EN

The contents of total and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein in different types of soil from the Polish crop of rye and wheat

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Grzyby endomykoryzowe są obligatoryjnie związane z roślinami, a poprzez wytwarzanie glomalin wpływają na poprawę środowiska wzrostu dla swoich gospodarzy. Właściwości glomalin, takie jak nierozpuszczalność, kleistość i hydrofobowość, mogą inicjować i chronić powstające agregaty glebowe. Białka te występują powszechnie w glebach różnych stref klimatycznych i stanowią magazyn węgla, którego źródłem jest atmosferyczny CO₂. Celem pracy było określenie zawartości glikoprotein (glomalin ogólnych TG, łatwoekstrahowalnych EEG oraz białek glebowych spokrewnionych z glomalinami GRSP) w próbkach różnych gleb Polski pobranych spod upraw roślin zbożowych. Próbki gleb przechowywano w stanie powietrzno-suchym, a następnie oznaczono w nich skład granulometryczny, zawartość węgla i azotu ogólnego oraz pojemność wodną. Równolegle w próbkach glebowych określono zawartość glomalin (TG, EEG, GRSP). Wyekstrahowane białka oznaczono metodą Bradford. W badanym materiale glebowym stwierdzono obecność zarówno glomalin ogólnych, łatwoekstrahowalnych, jak i białek glebowych spokrewnionych z glomalinami. Obecność glomalin zależna była zarówno od rodzaju gleb oraz rodzaju uprawianej rośliny zbożowej.

EN

It is now established that universal and ubiquitous symbiotic arbuscular m ycorrhizal fungi (AMF), belonging to Glomales, form symbiotic relationships with roots of 80–90% land plants in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Glomalin is thermostable, water-insoluble glycoprotein abundantly produced by AMF fungi and tends to accumulate in the soil. These are proteins with a very unique physicochemical properties performing a fundamental role in making soil structure. Glomalin glues soil aggregates and thus stabilizes the soil structure. The content of glomalin in soil particles is significantly correlated with their stability (water resistance). There is a hypothesis that mycorrhizal fungi produce large quantities of glomalin to improve the environment for growth of plants. It is possible that glomalin is involved in the formation of hydrophobic properties of soil, improving water and air relations in soil. The properties of glomalin such as insolubility, viscosity and hydrophobicity can initiate formation of aggregates and protect the already existing soil aggregates. The mycelium of AMF, in addition to its crucial role in enhancing nutrition of host plant, also plays a role in soil particle aggregation and soil stability. Studies show that glomalin are commonly found in soil and provide a depot for carbon which is a source of atmospheric CO₂. Glomalin are recently included to soil organic matter. They are common in soil, also in Polish agricultural soils. The aim of the study was to determine the content of total glomalin TG and easily extractable glomalin EEG and glomalin-related soil protein GRSP in samples of different soils from the Polish cereal crops (rye, winter and spring wheats). The 18 soil samples from the cultivation of cereal with representative field trials in different geographic locations in Poland were studied. Soil samples collected at a depth of 0–15 cm, and then sieved on a sieve with a mesh diameter of 2 mm. Soil samples were stored in air-dry state, and then the carbon and nitrogen content and water capacity were studied. Simultaneously in soil samples were determined contents of total glomalin TG and easily extractable glomalin EEG and glomalin-related soil protein GRSP. The protein concentration was measured according to Bradford method. The highest content of total and easily extractable glomalin were found in the soils under cultivation of rye. Glomalines content in soils depends both on the type of soil and cultivated plants. Mycorrhizal fungi more often enter into symbiosis with plants, which emit through the root system into the environment a significant amount of growth substances and hormones. The cultivation of rye may be associated with more efficient in establishing the symbiosis compared to the winter and spring wheat.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: 587
• Opis fizyczny: s.3-11,rys.,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Galazka A.

• Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa w Puławach - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Bibliografia

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