Call parameters and facial features in bats: a suprising failure of form following function

• Autorzy: Goudy-Trainor A. , Freeman P. W.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

We attempted to correlate echolocation call parameters to a comprehensive array of ear and nose measurements from 12 families of bats. Surprisingly, we failed to find any significant relationships. We did find consistent differences between nasal and oral emitters such as: (a) nasal emitters have higher frequencies with maximum energy for their size than oral emitters, (b) nasal emitting bats tend to have longer, narrower skulls, and (c) nasal emitters have a shorter distance from the nostril to the eye (muzzle length).

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Chiropterologica
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: 04
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.1-16,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Goudy-Trainor A.

• University of Nebraska State Museum and School of Biological Sciences, W436Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68599-0514, USA

autor

Freeman P. W.

Bibliografia

• Aldridge, H. D. J. N., and I. L. Rautenbach. 1987. Morphology, echolocation and resource partitioning in insectivorous bats. Journal of Animal Ecology, 56: 763-778.
• Altringham, J. D. 1996. Bats: biology and behaviour. Oxford University Press, New York, 262 pp.
• Au, W. L. 1993. The sonar of dolphins. Springer-Verlag, New York, xi + 277 pp.
• Barclay, R. M. R. 1983. Echolocation calls of Emballonurid bats from Panama. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 151: 515-520.
• Barclay, R. M. R. 1984. Observations on the migration, ecology, and behavior of bats of Delta Marsh, Manitoba. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 98: 331-336.
• Barclay, R. M. R. 1986. The echolocation calls of hoary (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver-haired (Lasionycteris noctivagans) bats as adaptations for long- versus short-range foraging strategies and the consequences for prey selection. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64: 2700-2705.
• Barclay, R. M. R., and R. M. Brigham. 1991. Prey detection, dietary niche breadth, and body size in bats: why are aerial insectivorous bats so small? The American Naturalist, 137: 693-703.
• Barclay, R. M. R., M. B. Fenton, M. D. Tuttle, and M. J. Ryan. 1981. Echolocation calls produced by Trachops cirrhosus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae) while hunting for frogs. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59: 750-753.
• Belwood, J. J. 1988. Foraging behavior, prey selection, and echolocation in Phyllostomine bats (Phyllostomidae). Pp. 601-605 in Animal sonar (P. E. Nachtigall and P. W. B. Moore, eds.). Plenum Press, New York, xv + 862 pp.
• Belwood, J. J., and J. H. Fullard. 1984. Echolocation and foraging behavior in the Hawaiian hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus semotus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62: 2113-2120.
• Bogdanowicz, W. 1992. Phenetic relationships among bats of the family Rhinolophidae. Acta Theriologica, 37: 213-240.
• Bogdanowicz, W., R. D. Csada, and M. B. Fenton. 1997. Structure of noseleaf, echolocation and foraging behavior in the Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera). Journal of Mammalogy, 78: 942-953.
• Bogdanowicz, W., M. B. Fenton, and K. Daleszczyk. 1999. The relationships between echolocation calls, morphology and diet in insectivorous bats. Journal of Zoology (London), 247: 381-393.
• Bradbury, J. W. 1992. Target discrimination by the echolocating bat Vampyrum spectrum. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 173: 23-46.
• Bruns, V., H. Burda, and M. J. Ryan. 1989. Ear morphology of the frog-eating bat (Trachops cirrhosus, Family: Phyllostomidae): apparent specialization for low-frequency hearing. Journal of Morphology, 199: 103-118.
• Faure, P. A., and R. M. R. Barclay. 1994. Substrate-gleaning versus aerial-hawking: plasticity in the foraging and echolocation behavior of the longeared bat, Myotis evotis. Journal of Comparative Physiology, A 174: 651-660.
• Faure, P. A., J. H. Fullard, and R. M. R. Barclay. 1990. The response of tympanate moths to the echolocation calls of a substrate gleaning bat Myotis evotis. Journal of Comparative Physiology, A 166: 843-849.
• Fenton, M. B. 1982. Echolocation calls and patterns of hunting and habitat use of bats (Microchiro- ptera) from Chillagoe, North Queensland. Australian Journal of Zoology, 30: 417-425.
• Fenton, M. B. 1984. Echolocation: implications for ecology and evolution of bats. Quarterly Review Biology, 59: 33-53.
• Fenton, M. B. 1985. The feeding behavior of insectivorous bats: echolocation, foraging strategies, and resource partitioning. Transvaal Museum Bulletin, 21: 5-16.
• Fenton, M. B. 1986. Hipposideros caffer (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Zimbabwe: morphology and echolocation calls. Journal of Zoology (London), 210: 347-353.
• Fenton, M. B. 1989. Head size and the foraging behaviour of animal-eating bats. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67: 2029-2035.
• Fenton, M. B. 1994. Assessing signal variability and reliability: ‘to thine ownself be true.’ Animal Behaviour, 47: 757-764.
• Fenton, M. B., and G. P. Bell. 1979. Echolocation and feeding behavior in four species of Myotis (Chiroptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 57: 1271-1277.
• Fenton, M. B., and G. P. Bell. 1981. Recognition of species of insectivorous bats by their echolocation calls. Journal of Mammalogy, 62: 233-243.
• Fenton, M. B., and J. H. Fullard. 1979. The influence of moth hearing on bat echolocation strategies. Journal of Comparative Physiology, A 132: 77-86.
• Fenton, M. B., and D. W. Thomas. 1980. Dry-season overlap in activity patterns, habitat use, and prey selection by sympatric African insectivorous bats. Biotropica, 12: 81-90.
• Fenton, M. B., D. Audet, M. K. Obrist, and J. Rydell. 1985. Signal strength, timing, and self-deafening: the evolution of echolocation in bats. Paleobiology, 21: 229-242.
• Fenton, M. B., G. P. Bell, and D. W. Thomas. 1980. Echolocation and feeding behavior of Taphozous mauritianus (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58: 1774-1777.
• Fenton, M. B., H. G. Merriam, and G. L. Holroyd. 1983. Bats of Kootenay, Glacier and Mount Revelstoke National Parks in Canada: identification by echolocation calls, distribution, and biology. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61: 2503-2508.
• Fenton, M. B., C. V. Portfors, I. L. Rautenbach, and J. M. Waterman. 1998. Compromises: sound frequencies used in echolocation by aerial-feeding bats. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76: 1174-1182.
• Fiedler, J. 1979. Prey catching with and without echolocation in the Indian false vampire (Megaderma lyra). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 6: 155-160.
• Freeman, P. W. 1981. A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): morphology, ecology, evolution. Fieldiana: Zoology, New Series, 7: vii + 1-173.
• Freeman, P. W. 1984. Functional cranial analysis of large animalivorous bats (Microchiroptera). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (London), 21: 387-408.
• Freeman, P. W. 1988. Frugivorous and animalivorous bats (Microchiroptera): dental and cranial adaptations. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (London), 33: 249-272.
• Freeman, P. W. 1998. Form, function, and evolution in skulls and teeth of bats. Pp. 140-155, in Bat biology and conservation (T. H. Kunz and P. Racey, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., xiv + 365 pp.
• Freeman, P. W. 2000. Macroevolution in Microchiroptera: recoupling morphology and ecology with phytogeny. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 2: 317-335.
• Fullard, J. H., C. Koehler, A. Surlykke, and N. L. McKenzie. 1991. Echolocation ecology and flight morphology of insectivorous bats (Chiroptera) in South-western Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 39: 427-438.
• Fuzessery, Z. M., P. Buttenhoff, B. Andrews, and J. M. Kennedy. 1993. Passive sound localization of prey by the pallid bat (Antrozous p. pallidus). Journal of Comparative Physiology, A 171: 767-777.
• Gould, E. 1977. Echolocation and communication. Pp. 247-279, in Biology of bats of the New World Family Pyllostomatidae, Part II (R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., D. C. Carter, eds.). Special Publications of the Museum, Texas Tech University, 13: 1-364.
• Griffin, D. R. 1958. Listening in the dark: the acoustic orientation of bats and men. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, xxvi + 413 pp.
• Griffin, D. R., and A. Novick. 1955. Acoustic orientation of Neotropical Bats. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 130: 251-297.
• Grinnell, A. D., and S. Hagiwara. 1972. Adaptations of the auditory nervous system for echolocation. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Physiologie, 76: 41-81.
• Habersetzer, J. 1981. Adaptive echolocation sounds in the bat Rhinopoma hardwickei. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 144: 559-566.
• Habersetzer, J., and B. Vogler. 1983. Discrimination of surface-structured targets by the echolocating bat Myotis myotis during flight. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 152: 275-282.
• Hartley, D. J., and R. A. Suthers. 1987. The sound emission pattern and the acoustical role of the noseleaf in the echolocating bat, Carollia perspicillata. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 82: 1892-1900.
• Heller, K.-G., and O. v. Helversen. 1989. Resource partitioning of sonar frequency bands in rhinolophoid bats. Oecologia, 80: 178-186.
• Henson, O. W., Jr. 1970. The ear and audition. Pp. 181-263, in Biology of bats, Volume 2 (W. A. Wimsatt, ed.). Academic Press, New York, xv + 477 pp.
• Herd, R. M., and M. B. Fenton. 1983. An electrophoretic, morphological, and ecological investigation of a putative hybrid zone between Myotis lucifugus and Myotis yumanensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61: 2029-2050.
• Hill, J. E., and J. D. Smith. 1984. Bats: a natural history. University of Texas Press, Austin, 243 pp.
• Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 282 pp. + 30 plates.
• Ibáñez, C., A. Guillén, J. Juste, and J. L. Pérez- Jordá. 1999. Echolocation calls of Pteronotus davyi (Chiropteran: Mormoopidae) from Panama. Journal of Mammalogy, 80: 924-928.
• Jones, G. 1999. Scaling of echolocation call parameters in bats. Journal of Experimental Biology, 202: 3359-3367.
• Jones, G., M. Morton, P. M. Hughes, and R. M. Budden. 1993. Echolocation, flight morphology and foraging strategies of some West African hipposiderid bats. Journal of Zoology (London), 230: 385-400.
• Jones, G., and J. M. V. Rayner. 1988. Flight performance, foraging tactics and echolocation in free-living Daubenton’s bats Myotis daubentoni (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of Zoology (London), 215: 113-132.
• Jones, G., and J. M V. Rayner. 1989. Foraging behavior and echolocation of wild horseshoe bats Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and R. hipposideros (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 25: 183-191.
• Jones, G., and J. M. V. Rayner. 1991. Flight performance, foraging tactics and echolocation in the trawling insectivorous bat Myotis adversus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of Zoology (London), 225: 393-112.
• Jones, G„ K. Sripathi, D. A. Waters, and G. Marimuthu. 1994. Individual variation in the echolocation calls of three sympatric Indian hipposiderid bats, and an experimental attempt to jam bat echolocation. Folia Zoologica, 43: 347-362.
• Kalko, E. K. V. 1995. Insect pursuit, prey capture and echolocation in pipistrelle bats (Micro- chiroptera). Animal Behaviour, 50: 861-880.
• Kalko, E. K. V., and H.-U. Schnitzler. 1989. The echolocation and hunting behavior of Daubenton’s bat, Myotis daubentoni. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 24: 225-238.
• Lara, M. C., G. Jones, A. Zubaid, T. H. Kunz, and C. J. Schneider. 2001. Acoustic divergence in two cryptic Hipposideros species, a role for social selection? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Biological Sciences, 268: 1381-1386.
• Lawrence, B. D., and J. A. Simmons. 1982. Echolocation in bats: the external ear and perception of the vertical position of targets. Science, 218: 481-483.
• Leippert, D. 1994. Social behavior on the wing in the false vampire, Megaderma lyra. Ethology, 98: 111-127.
• Marimuthu, G., J. Habersetzer, and D. Leippert. 1995. Active acoustic gleaning from the water surface by the Indian false vampire bat, Megaderma lyra. Ethology, 99: 61-74.
• Miller, L. A., and H. J. Degn. 1981. The acoustic behavior of four species of vespertilionid bats studies in the field. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 142: 67-74.
• Neuweiler, G. 1984. Foraging, echolocation and audition in bats. Naturwissenschaften, 71: 446-455.
• Neuweiler, G., W. Metzner, U. Heilmann, R. Rubsamen, M. Eckrich, and H. H. Costa. 1987. Foraging behavior and echolocation in the rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus rouxi) of Sri Lanka. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 20: 53-67.
• Neuweiler, G., S. Singh, and K. Sripathi. 1984. Audiograms of a South Indian bat community. Journal of Comparative Physiology, A 154: 133-142.
• Novick, A. 1958. Orientation in Paleotropical bats. I. Microchiroptera. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 138: 81-153.
• Novick, A. 1963. Orientation in Neotropical bats. II. Phyllostomidae and Desmodontidae. Journal of Mammalogy, 44: 44—56.
• Novick, A. 1965. Echolocation of flying insects by the bat, Chilonycteris psilotis. Biological Bulletin, 128: 297-314.
• Obrist, M. K. 1995. Flexible bat echolocation: the influence of individual, habitat and conspecifics on sonar design. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 36: 207-219.
• Obrist, M. K., M. B. Fenton, J. L. Eger, and P. A. Schlegel. 1993. What ears do for bats: a comparative study of pinna sound pressure transformation in Chiroptera. Journal of Experimental Biology, 180: 119-152.
• O’Farrell, M. J., and B. W. Miller. 1997. A new examination of echolocation calls of some neotropical bats (Emballonuridae and Mormoopidae). Journal of Mammalogy, 78: 954-963.
• O’Farrell, M. J., B. W. Miller, and W. L. Gannon. 1999. Qualitative identification of free-flying bats using the Anabat detector. Journal of Mammalogy, 80: 11-23.
• Pavey, C. R., J. Grunwald, and G. Neuweiler. 2001. Foraging habitat and echolocation behavior of Schneider’s leaf nosed bat, Hipposideros speoris, in a vegetation mosaic in Sri Lanka. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 50: 209-218. Pedersen, S. C. 1993. Cephalometric correlates of echolocation in the Chiroptera. Journal of Morphology, 218: 85-98.
• Pedersen, S. C. 1995. Cephalometric correlates of echolocation in the Chiroptera: II. Fetal development. Journal of Morphology, 225: 107-123.
• Pedersen, S. C. 1998. Morphometric analysis of the chiropteran skull with regards to mode of echolocation. Journal of Mammalogy, 79: 91-103.
• Pollak, G., and O. W. Henson, Jr. 1973. Specialized functional aspects of the middle ear muscles in the bat, Chilonycteris parnellii. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 84: 167-17.
• Pye, A. 1966a. The structure of the cochlea in Chiroptera I. Microchiroptera: Emballonuroidea and Rhinolophoidea. Journal of Morphology, 118: 495-510.
• Pye, A. 1966b. The structure of the cochlea in Chiroptera II. The Megachiroptera and Vespertilionoidea of the Microchiroptera. Journal of Morphology, 119: 101-120.
• Pye, A. 1967. The structure of the cochlea in Chiroptera III. Microchiroptera: Phyllostomatoidea. Journal of Morphology, 121: 241-254.
• Pye, J. D. 1972. Bimodal distribution of constant frequencies in some hipposiderid bats (Mammalia: Hipposideridae). Journal of Zoology (London), 166: 323-335.
• Pye, J. D. 1973. Echolocation by constant frequency bats. Periodicum Biologorum, 75: 21-26;
• Pye, J. D. 1980. Adaptiveness of echolocation signals in bats, flexibility in behavior and in evolution. Trends in Neuroscience, 3: 232-235.
• Roberts, L. H. 1972. Variable resonance in constant frequency bats. Journal of Zoology (London), 166: 337-348.
• Robinson, M. F. 1996. A relationship between echolocation calls and noseleaf widths in bats of the genera Rhinolophus and Hipposideros. Journal of Zoology (London), 239: 389-393.
• Rydell, J., and W. Bogdanowicz. 1997. Barbastella barbastellus. Mammalian Species, 557: 1-8.
• Schmidt, U. 1988. Orientation and sensory functions in Desmodus rotundus. Pp. 143-166, in Natural history of vampire bats (A. M. Greenhall and U. Schmidt, eds.). CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 246 pp.
• Schmidt, S., S. Hanke, and J. Pillat. 2000. The role of echolocation in the hunting of terrestrial prey — new evidence for an underestimated strategy in the gleaning bat, Megaderma lyra. Journal of Comparative Physiology, A 186: 975-988.
• Schnitzler, H.-U., and O. W. Henson, Jr. 1980. Performance of airborne animal sonar systems. I. Microchiroptera. Pp. 109-182, in Animal sonar systems (R.-G. Busnel and J. F. Fish, eds). New York, Plenum, 1136 pp.
• Schnitzler, H.-U., H. Hackbarth, U. Heilmann, and H. Herbert. 1985. Echolocation behavior of rufous horseshoe bats hunting for insects in the flycatcher-style. Journal of Comparative Physiology, A 157: 39—46.
• Schnitzler, H.-U., E. K. V. Kalko, I. Kaipf, and A. D. Grinnell. 1994. Fishing and echolocation behavior of the greater bulldog bat, Noctilioleporinus, in the field. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 35: 327-345.
• Simmons, J. A. 1969. Acoustic radiation patterns for the echolocating bats Chilonycteris rubiginosa and Eptesicus fuscus. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 46: 1054-1056.
• Simmons, J. A., S. A. Kick, and B. D. Lawrence. 1984. Echolocation and hearing in the mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma hardwickei. acoustic evolution of echolocation in bats. Journal of Comparative Physiology, A 154: 347-356.
• Simmons, J. A., W. A. Lavender, B. A. Lavender, J. E. Childs, K. Hulebak, M. R. Rigden, J. Sherman, and B. Woolman. 1978. Echolocation by free-tailed bats (Tadarida). Journal of Comparative Physiology, 125: 291-299.
• Surlykke, A., and L. A. Miller. 1985. The influence of arctiid moth clicks on bat echolocation: jamming or warning? Journal of Comparative Physiology, A 156: 831-843.
• Suthers, R. A. 1965. Acoustic orientation by fishing bats. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 158: 319-348.
• Suthers, R. A. 1967. Comparative echolocation by fishing bats. Journal of Mammalogy, 48: 79-87.
• Suthers, R. A., and J. M. Fattu. 1973. Fishing behavior and acoustic orientation by the bat (Noctilio labialis). Animal Behaviour, 21: 61-66.
• Suthers, R. A., D. J. Hartley, and J. J. Wenstrup. 1988. The acoustic role of tracheal chambers and nasal cavities in the production of sonar pulses by the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hildebrandti. Journal of Comparative Physiology, A 162: 799-813.
• Taylor, P. J. 1999. Echolocation calls of twenty southern African bat species. South African Journal of Zoology, 34: 114-124.
• Thomas, D. W., G. P. Bell, and M. B. Fenton. 1987. Variation in echolocation call frequencies recorded from North American vespertilionid bats: a cautionary note. Journal of Mammalogy, 68: 842-847.
• Thompson, D., and M. B. Fenton. 1982. Echolocation and feeding behavior of Myotis adversus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 30: 543-546.
• Trappe, M., and H.-U. Schnitzler. 1982. Doppler shift compensation in insect-catching horseshoe bats. Naturwissenschaften, 69: 193-194.
• Troest, N., and B. Mohl. 1986. The detection of phantom targets in noise by serotine bats: negative evidence for the coherent receiver. Journal of Comparative Physiology, A 159: 559-567.
• Vaughan, N., G. Jones, and S. Harris. 1997. Identification of British bat species by multivariate analysis of echolocation call parameters. International Journal of Animal Sound and Its Recording, 7: 189-207.
• Vogler, B., and G. Neuweiler. 1983. Echolocation in the noctule (Nyctalus noctula) and horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Journal of Comparative Physiology, 152: 421-132.
• Waters, D. A., and G. Jones. 1995. Echolocation call structure and intensity in five species of insectivorous bats. Journal of Experimental Biology, 198: 475-489.