Catch crops for green manure: biomass yield and macroelement content depending on the sowing date

• Autorzy: Zaniewicz-Bajkowska A. , Rosa R. , Kosterna E. , Franczuk J.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Rośliny międzyplonowe na zielony nawóz: plon biomasy i zawartość makroskładników w zależności od terminu siewu

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Catch crop cultivation with the aim of incorporation should be a constant element of improving soil fertility. The most frequently recommended type of green manures for vegetables is stubble catch crops. It is not always possible to sow plants at the optimum date, that is in the second half of July. The aim of the study was to determine the yield of fresh and dry matter of stubble catch crops and macroelement accumulation in them depending on the sowing date. The experiment was carried out in central-east Poland. In years 2004-2006, the yield of fresh and dry matter and macroelement contents were estimated in the following catch crops: phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.), amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.), sunflower (Helianthus L.), seradella (Ornithopus sativus), and faba bean (Vicia faba L. ssp. minor). The seeds were sown on three dates: July 21st, August 4th, and August 18th. In the third decade of October, plant samples were collected in order to estimate the yield of fresh and dry matter, as well as macroelements in the catch crops. The amount of biomass and macroelement content depended on the length of catch crop growth season. The highest organic matter yield and macroelement contents were characteristic for the catch crops sown on July 21st, and the lowest ones for the catch crops sown on August 18th. Due to high fresh and dry matter yields, sunflower was the best species to be sown on July 21st, sunflower and phacelia on August 4th, and phacelia on August 18th. Faba bean accumulated the highest amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus in the dry matter. Sunflower accumulated the highest total mass of macroelements (N + P + K + Ca + Mg) in the dry matter yield. The smallest percentage decrease in dry the matter yield and amount of macroelements as a result of delaying the catch crop planting date was found for seradella.

PL

Uprawa międzyplonów w celu ich przyorania powinna być stałym elementem podnoszenia żyzności i jakości gleby. Najczęściej polecanym rodzajem nawozów zielonych pod warzywa są międzyplony letnie (ścierniskowe). Nie zawsze istnieje jednak możliwość ich siewu w optymalnym terminie, tj. w drugiej połowie lipca. Celem badań było określenie plonu świeżej i suchej masy międzyplonów ścierniskowych oraz akumulacji w nich makroskładników w zależności od terminu siewu. Eksperyment przeprowadzono w środkowo-wschodniej Polsce. W latach 2004-2006 określono plon świeżej i suchej masy oraz zawartość makroelementów w roślinach międzyplonowych: facelii (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.), szarłatu (Amaranthus cruentus L.), słonecznika (Helianthus L.), seradeli (Ornithopus sativus) i bobiku (Vicia faba L. ssp. minor). Międzyplony wysiewano w trzech terminach: 21 lipca, 4 i 18 sierpnia. W trzeciej dekadzie października pobrano próby roślin w celu określenia plonu świeżej i suchej masy oraz składników mineralnych w międzyplonach. Ilość wytworzonej biomasy oraz zawartość makroelementów zależała od długości okresu wegetacji roślin międzyplonowych. Największym plonem masy organicznej i składników mineralnych charakteryzowały się międzyplony posiane 21 lipca, najmniejszym posiane 18 sierpnia. Ze względu na wysoki plon świeżej i suchej masy do wysiewu 21 lipca najbardziej godnym polecenia gatunkiem okazał się słonecznik, 4 sierpnia – słonecznik i facelia, a 18 sierpnia – facelia. Najwięcej azotu i fosforu zakumulował w suchej masie bobik. Łącznie największą masą makroskładników (N + P + K + Ca + Mg) w plonie suchej masy charakteryzował się słonecznik. Najmniejszą procentową obniżkę w plonie suchej masy i ilości składników mineralnych w wyniku opóźnienia terminu siewu roślin międzyplonowych stwierdzono u seradeli.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 12
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.65-79,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Zaniewicz-Bajkowska A.

• Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland

autor

Rosa R.

• Department of Vegetable Crops, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, B.Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland

autor

Kosterna E.

• Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland

autor

Franczuk J.

• Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland

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