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2019 | 28 | 2 |

Tytuł artykułu

Ambient air quality and noise level monitoring of different areas of Lahore (Pakistan) and its health impacts

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
The present study assesses ambient air quality in terms of the gaseous pollutants sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), total suspended particulates (TSP), and noise levels at four busy road intersections, along with their associated residential areas in Lahore, Pakistan. A dense transport system and extensive industry are major causes of serious damage to the urban environment and human health in Lahore. Air and noise monitoring was conducted in the mornings, afternoons, and evenings for 3 consecutive days of a month for a period of 8 months. Results showed that average concentrations of SO₂ at study sites throughout the monitoring cycle were in the range of 0.005 ppm to 0.062 ppm, while average NO concentrations varied between 0.5 ppm and 1.34 ppm. CO concentrations were recorded between 9.5 ppm and 16.75 ppm, whereas the average concentrations of TSP ranged 622-1046 µg/m³. The average noise levels ranged from 67.2 dB to 120.1 dB. Moreover, a questionnaire survey carried out to examine the health impacts of pollutants on potential receivers such as workers, laborers, shop-keepers, nearby residents, and traffic wardens showed the existence of various diseases among respondents due to deteriorating air quality and elevated noise levels.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

28

Numer

2

Opis fizyczny

p.623-629,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Department of Environmental Sciences, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
autor
  • Department of Environmental Sciences, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
autor
  • Department of Environmental Sciences, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
autor
  • Department of Environmental Sciences, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
autor
  • GIS analyst WWF, Pakistan
autor
  • Department of Environmental Sciences, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan

Bibliografia

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  • 5. POPE III C. A., EZZATI M., DOCKERY W. D. Fine particulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States .N. Engl. J. Med. 360 (4), 376, 2009.
  • 6. HEI International Scientific Oversight Committee. Outdoor air pollution and health in the developing countries of Asia: A comprehensive review. Special Report 18. Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA. 2010.
  • 7. HOPKE P.K., COHEN D.D., BEGUM A.B., BISWAS K.S., NI B., PANDIT G.G., SANTOSO M., CHUNG Y.S., DAVY P., MARKWITZ A. Urban air quality in the Asian region. Sci. Total Enviro. 404 (1), 103, 2008.
  • 8. MAJID H., MADL P., ALAM K. Ambient air quality with emphasis on roadside junctions in metropolitan cities of Pakistan and its potential health effects. The Health 3 (3), 79, 2012.
  • 9. Bureau of Statistics. Punjab Development Statistics. Lahore: Government of Punjab. 2015.
  • 10. JICA Consultants. The Project for Lahore Urban Transport Master Plan in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Lahore: Almec Corporation. 2012.
  • 11. RASHEED A., ANEJA V.P., AIYYER A., RAFIQUE U. Measurements and analysis of air quality in Islamabad, Pakistan. Earth’s Future. 2, 303, 2014.
  • 12. GHAURI B., LODHI A., MANSHA M. Development of baseline (air quality) data in Pakistan. Environ Monit Asses. 127 (1-3), 237, 2007.
  • 13. WAHEED S., RAHMAN A. DAUD M. Air quality evaluation of some industrial cities of Pakistan using INAA and AAS. Radiochimica Acta. 93, 487, 2005.
  • 14. HASHMI D.R., SHAIKH G.H., USMANI T.H. Ambient air quality at Port Qasim in Karachi city. J Chem Soc of Pak. 27, 575, 2005a.
  • 15. HASHMI D.R., SHAIKH G.H., USMANI T.H. Air quality in the atmosphere of Karachi city - an overview. J Chem Soc of Pak. 27, 6, 2005b.
  • 16. Pak-EPA/JICA. 3 Cities Investigation of Air and Water Quality (Lahore, Rawalpindi & Islamabad). JICA-Pak-EPA, June 2001.
  • 17. Pak-EPA/JICA. Measurement of NO₂ Concentration in Ambient Air in Major Cities of Pakistan Using Diffusion Samplers. 2006.
  • 18. BISWAS K., GHAURI B., HUSAIN L. Gaseous and aerosol pollutants during fog and clear episodes in South Asian urban atmosphere. Atmos Environ. 42 (33), 7775, 2008.
  • 19. ASLAM M.J., ASLAM M.A., BATOOL A. Effect of noise pollution on hearing of public transport drivers in Lahore city. Pak J Med Sci. 24, 142, 2008.
  • 20. WHO (World Health Organization). Burden of Disease from Environmental Noise. Quantification of Healthy Life Years Lost in Europe. World Health Organization: Copenhagen, Denmark. 2011.
  • 21. SHEPHERD D., DIRKS K., WELCH D., MCBRIDE D., LANDON J. The Covariance between Air Pollution Annoyance and Noise Annoyance, and Its Relationship with Health-Related Quality of Life. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 13, 792, 2016.
  • 22. BABISCH W. Cardiovascular effects of noise. Noise Health. 13, 201, 2011.
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  • 24. HAMMERSEN F., NIEMANN H., HOEBEL J. Environmental Noise Annoyance and Mental Health in Adults: Findings from the Cross-Sectional German Health Update (GEDA) Study 2012. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 13 (10), 954, 2016.
  • 25. SGS Pakistan. Monitoring report Asian Consulting Engineers Lahore. 2015.
  • 26. Asian Consulting Engineers. Construction of Signal Free Coridors Jail Road and Main Boulevard Gulberg Lahore, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report, Lahore Development Authority. 2015.
  • 27. YOUNES I., GHAFFAR A. Spatial pattern of noise pollution in Lahore city (2011). AJSSH. 1 (2), 53, 2012.
  • 28. ZHENG S., SINGH R.P., WU Y. WU C. A Comparison of Trace Gases and Particulate Matter over Beijing (China) and Delhi (India). Water Air Soil Pollut. 228 (5), 181, 2017.
  • 29. GULIA S., NAGENDRA S.S., KHARE, M. Extreme events of reactive ambient air pollutants and their distribution pattern at urban hotspots. Aerosol and Air Qual Res. 17, (2), 3945, 2017.
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Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.agro-507e2b0f-f38a-4419-bb6f-8cbe9abece24
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