Hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy as a possible factor of breast cancer

• Autorzy: Predna L. , Habanova M. , Slavikova E. , Wyka J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Background. Breast cancer is a disease with an increasing incidence, and it originates from several factors. Risk factors of this disease represent a diverse group of parameters, which also include hormonal influences. Objective. The aim of the present study was to determine if there is a relationship between hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy in patients with diagnosed most common types of breast cancer taking into account the age at which the disease was diagnosed in selected sonographic clinic in the district of Nitra, Slovak Republic. Material and Methods. As a part of an ongoing retrospective study from 2005, a cohort of 300 randomly selected patients aged 25-87 years with diagnosed breast cancer have been monitored in 2012. The age at which breast cancer was diagnosed, and relationship to hormone therapy were analysed based on medical documentation. Results. Among 300 randomly selected patients with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer the group at the age of 40-59 was the most numerous (mean age was 53.06±11.25 years). The mean age of 45 patients who were given hormonal contraceptives (HC) was 46.44±7.34 years, whereas the mean age of 82 patients who were subjected to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was 53.63±6.67 years. In women who took hormonal treatment, breast cancer was diagnosed at the mean age of 50.60±7.56 years, while women who never took HRT or HC, were diagnosed around the age of 53.92±12.35 years. The most common types of cancer were the infiltrating ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma. From all patients, the relapse occurred among 14 of them, about 4.86 years later. Only 2 patients had breast cancer on both diagnosed breast. After a surgery, the cancer was observed in 7 patients. The positive family history was confirmed with 34 patients. Conclusions. Nowadays, the breast cancer treatment, especially at early stages, is successful, however, the malignant breast neoplasm remains the most common oncological disease causing the death amongst women. In the assessment of the impact of HC and HRT on breast cancer, it is not possible to provide a clear conclusion, because their influence on the tumour is difficult to verify.

PL

Wprowadzenie. Rak piersi jest chorobą, której występowanie uzależnione jest od wielu czynników. Czynniki te są zróżnicowane, a wśród nich wyróżnia się czynniki hormonalne. Cel. Na podstawie danych medycznych podjęto próbę oceny występowania zależności różnych typów raka piersi u kobiet a stosowaniem antykoncepcji hormonalnej oraz hormonalnej terapii zastępczej. Materiał i metody. Praca stanowi część trwającego od 2005 roku badania stanu zdrowia pacjentek w wieku 25-87 lat. Badaniami objęto kohortę 300 kobiet, u których w 2012 roku zdiagnozowano raka piersi. W badaniach przeprowadzonych na podstawie analizy dokumentacji medycznej oceniano zależność między wiekiem kobiety, w którym zdiagnozowano raka piersi a terapią hormonalną. Wyniki. W grupie 300 kobiet ze zdiagnozowanym rakiem piersi, najliczniejszy udział stanowiły kobiety w wieku 40-59 lat (średnia 53.06±11.25 lat). Wśród pacjentek wyróżniono 45 kobiet stosujące HC (HC – antykoncepcje hormonalną) ze średnim wiekiem 46.44±7.34 lat oraz 82 kobiety stosujące HRT (HRT – hormonalną terapię zastępczą) ze średnim wiekiem w tej grupie 53.63±6.67 lat. Wśród kobiet, które przyjmowały preparaty hormonalne średni wiek wykrycia raka piersi wynosił 50.60±7.56 lat, w porównaniu do kobiet nie stosujących żadnej terapii hormonalnej 53.92±12.35 lat. Wśród badanych kobiet najczęściej stwierdzany był naciekający nowotwór wewnątrzprzewodowy (ductal carcinoma) oraz wewnątrzzrazikowy (lobular carcinoma). U 2 pacjentek stwierdzono dwa rodzaje nowotworu. Wśród 14 pacjentek wykryto nawrót choroby, średni czas od powtórnego zdiagnozowania nowotworu wynosił 4.86 lat. Po operacji chirurgicznej nowotwór wykazano u 7 kobiet. W grupie 34 pacjentek stwierdzono występowanie nowotworu piersi w rodzinie. Wnioski. W obecnych czasach leczenie nowotworu piersi, szczególnie we wczesnych stadiach choroby przynosi satysfakcjonujące rezultaty. Jednak złośliwe postacie nowotworu nadal są przyczyną wysokiej śmiertelności wśród kobiet. W niniejszym badaniu nie udało się wskazać istotnej zależność pomiędzy występowaniem nowotworu piersi a stosowaniem HC i HRT wśród badanych kobiet.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

hormonal contraceptive; hormone replacement therapy; disease parameter; breast cancer; risk factor; cancer; human disease

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: 66
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.269-274,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Predna L.

• Department of Human Nutrition, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Slovak Republic

autor

Habanova M.

• Department of Human Nutrition, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Slovak Republic

autor

Slavikova E.

• Ultrasound Outpatient Clinic, Chrenová Nitra, Slovak Republic

autor

Wyka J.

• Department of Human Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Beral, V., Banks, E., Reeves, G., Bull, D.: Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy: the Million Women Study 2003, 362, 1330-1331.
• 2. Bosetti C., Bertuccio P., Levi F., Chatenoud L., Negrie E., La Vecchia C.: The decline in breast cancer mortality in Europe: An update (to 2009). Breast 2012, 21, 77-82.
• 3. Botha L., Brayc F., Sankilac R., Parkinc D.M.: Breast cancer incidence and mortality trends in 16 European countries. Eur J Canc 2003, 39, 1718–1729.
• 4. Burkman R.T.: Clinical pearls: factors affecting reported contraceptive efficacy rates in clinical studies. Int J Fertil Womens Med 2002, 47, 153–61.
• 5. Caglayan E.K., Kara M., Etiz S., Kumru P., Aka N., Kose G.: The Effects of Progesterone Selection on Psychological Symptoms in Hormone Replacement Therapy. Adv Clin Exp Med 2014, 23 (1), 63-67.
• 6. Campbell T.C., Campbell T.M.: The China Study. The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted And the Startling Implications for Diet, Weight Loss, And Long-term Health. Ed. BenBella, USA, 2006.
• 7. Chasan-Taber L., Stampfer M. J.: Epidemiology of Oral Contraceptives and Cardiovascular Disease. Ann Intern Med. 1998, 128, 467-477.
• 8. Chlebowski R. T.: Breast cancer risk reduction: strategies for women at increased risk. Annu Rev Med 2002, 53, 519-540.
• 9. Chudzik J: Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2008, 44, 2344-2349.
• 10. Cohen L.S., Soares C.N., Poitras J.R., Prouty J., Alexander A.B. Shifren J.L.: Short-term use of estradiol for depressionin perimenopausal and postmenoupausal women: A preliminary report. Am J Psyhiatry 2003, 160, 1519–1522.
• 11. Elkum N., Dermime S., Ajarim D., Al-Zahrani A., Alsayed A., Tulbah A., Al Malik O., Alshabanah M., Ezzat A., Al- Tweigeri T.: Being 40 or younger is an independent risk factor for relapse in operable breast cancer patients: The Saudi Arabia experience, BMC Cancer 2007, 7, 222-229.
• 12. Fait T.: Hormone replacement therapy update. Klin Farmakol Farm 2008, 4, 157-160.
• 13. Ferlay J., Autier P., Boniol M., Heanue M., Colombet M., Boyle P.: Estimates of the cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2006. Annals of Oncology, 2007,18, 581- 592.
• 14. Ferlay J., Steliarova-Foucher E., Loret-Tieulent J., Rosso S., Coebergh J.W.W., Comber H., Forman D., Bray F.: Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: Estimates for 40 countries in 2012. Eur J Can 2013, 49, 1374–1403.
• 15. Habanova M., Svikruhova J., Slavikova E.: Hormonal Contraceptives and Their Relationship to Breast Cancer. Klin Onkol 2010, 23 (6), 428-432.
• 16. Haines J.C., Xinq S.M., Park K.H., Holinka C.F., Ausmanas K.M.: Prevalence of menopausal symptoms in differentethnic groups of Asian women and responsiveness to therapy with three doses of conjugated estrogens/ medroxyprogesteroneacetate: The Pan-Asia menopause (PAM) study. Maturitas 2005, 52, 264–276.
• 17. Hulka B.S., Moorman P.G.: Reprint of Breast cancer: hormones and other risk factors. Maturitas 2008, 60 (1-2), 103-116.
• 18. Hulley S., Grady D., Bush T.: Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/ progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA 1998, 280, 605-613.
• 19. Jingjing Y., Jue J., Sijing D., Caili Z., Shuqin Y., Lianxi L., Chaoming M., Dong W., Junjian Ch., Guoyue Y.: Circulating adiponectin levels and the risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Eur J Can Pre [online]. 2014. [Accessed: 2014-01-21]. Available from: http://journals.lww.com/urjcancerprev/Abstract/publishahead/Circulating_adiponectin_levels_and_the_risk_of.99635.aspx
• 20. McPherson K., Steel C.M., Dixon J.M.: Breast cancer-epidemiology, risk factors and genetics. BMJ 2000, 321 (9), 624-628.
• 21. Minarovič I.: The risk of breast cancer with the combination of estrogen - progestin higher than for estrogen alone. Pharmacy letter 2000, 2 (5), 21.
• 22. Nelson H.D.: Menopause. Lancet 2008, 371, 760–770.
• 23. Rosales E., Sordia L., Vazquez J., Iglesias J.L., Morales A., Castaneda M., Vidal O., Saldivar D., Merino M., García M.: Breast cancer in menopausal women with hormonal replacement therapy. International Congress Series 2004, 1271, 414–416.
• 24. Schneider H.P., Rosemeier H.P., Schnitker J., Gerbsch S., Turck R.: Application and factor analysis of the menopauserating scale (MRS) in a post- marketing surveillance study of Climen. Maturitas 2000, 37, 113–124.
• 25. Strnad P., Daneš J.: Diseases of the breast for gynecologists. Praha: Grada Publishing 2001, 324.
• 26. Syl de la Cruz M.., Sarfaty M., Wender E.C.: An update on breast cancer screening and prevention. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, 2014, 41, 283-306.
• 27. Tyczynski J.E., Plesko I., Aareleid T., Primic-Zahleij M., Dalmas M., Kurtinaitis J., Stengrevics A., Parkin D.M.: Breast cancer mortality patterns and time trends in 10 new EU member states: mortality declining in young women, but still increasing in the elderly. Int J Cancer 2004; 112 (6):1056–1064.
• 28. Washbrook E.: Risk factors and epidemiology of breast cancer. Women’s Health Medicine 2006, 3, 8-14.
• 29. Writting Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators: Risk and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 2002, 288, 321-333.
• 30. Zeyneloglu H.B.: Ergeneli MTreatment of menopausal symptoms. J Drug Treat 1995, 8, 230–232.