Biomasa leśna jako odnawialne źródło energii - konsekwencje dla leśnictwa

• Autorzy: Paschalis-Jakubowicz P.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Forest biomass as a renewable energy source - consequences for forestry

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The current provisions in the EU directive, applicable to the signatories of the document, assume reaching by 2020 a share of at least 20% of energy coming from renewable sources. The EU Parliament demands changes to the current directive on forest biomass and its contribution to the use of renewable energy. The Parliament considers it expedient to increase the amount of forest biomass obtained, including wood in various processing states, treating this solution as one of the active methods of replacing the energy derived from fossil fuels. The definition proposed by the EU Parliament states that countries and industrial plants in their areas can receive financial assistance and also be included in the group of energy users ‘from renewable sources’ if they obtain it from the combustion of wood, which will be collected only for this purpose. Such a case has led to the protest of over 750 scientists from around the world. In a letter sent from researchers to the EU, it was found that only harvested forest biomass coming exclusively from logging residues and wood waste, and not from wood intended for other use, should be taken into account for the purpose. Signatories of the letter warn that this change puts at risk both the global climate goals and maintaining the sustainability of the world’s forests. At the heart of the argument is the conviction of scientists that the defect of the directive is based on such a construction of regulations that will cause actions that cause expansive damage to forests in the world and accelerate the occurring climate change. The proposed solution is to limit the amount of forest biomass obtained only to the part that qualifies according to the directive, for logging residues and wood waste. The real danger, including concerning the stability of forests, is the possibility of overestimating the forest’s production capacity in supplying forest biomass. This claim is not an expression of academic caution. It is a real threat. The history of overestimation of forest potential is as long as the history of human development and in each case ended up with a total degradation of the forest and the lack of resources that forced migration of the population. This threat, both on a global scale and for our country, is high, first of all, because the implementation of energy policy assumptions, just like an agricultural policy, in each case leads to the direct growth of producers’ incomes. They are always higher, as are profits in other economic sectors, from revenue received from forest management. This income asymmetry may stimulate in our country, and in many countries of the world is already stimulating, changes in forest management leading to the reduction of forest biological diversity, as well as the growth of deforestation.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

lesnictwo; biomasa lesna; odnawialne zrodla energii; polityka energetyczna; gospodarka lesna

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Sylwan
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: 162
• Numer: 08
• Opis fizyczny: s.688-695,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Paschalis-Jakubowicz P.

• Katedra Użytkowania Lasu, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, ul.Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa

Bibliografia

• Allen C. D., Macalady A. K., Chenchouni H., Bachelet D., McDowell N., Vennetier M., Kitzberger T., Rigling A., Breshears D. D., Hogg E. H., Gonzalez P., Fensham R., Zhang Z., Castro J., Demidova N., Lim J. H., Allard G., Running S. W., Semerci A., Cobb N. 2010. A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Management to Changing Climate with Emphasis on Forest Health 259 (4): 660-684.
• CIFOR’s strategy 2008-2018. Making a difference for forests and people. 2008. Bogor, Indonesia.
• Climate Change 2014. Synthesis Report: impacts, adaptations, and vulnerability. 2014. IPCC, Cambridge University Press.
• Doornbusch R., Steenblik R. 2007. Biofuels: Is the cure worse than the disease? Paper prepared for the round table on sustainable development. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Biomass and Biofuels: Advanced Biorefineries for Sustainable Production and Distribution. Paris. SG/SO/RT.
• Dyrektywa Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2015/1513 z dnia 9 września 2015 r. zmieniająca dyrektywę 98/70/WE odnoszącą się do jakości benzyny i olejów napędowych oraz zmieniająca dyrektywę 2009/28/WE w sprawie promowania stosowania energii ze źródeł odnawialnych. 2015. Dz. U. L 239.
• Forests news. 2018. CIFOR.16.01.2018
• Global Forests Resources assessment. How are the world’s forest changing? 2015. FAO, Rome.
• Hannewinkel M., Cullmann D. A., Schelhaas M.-J., Nabuurs G.-J., Zimmermann N. E. 2013. Climate change may cause severe loss in the economic value of European forest land. Nature Climate Change 3: 203-207.
• Innovative and sustainable use of forest resources: Vision 2030. A technology platform initiative by the European forest-based sector. 2016. European Confederation of Woodworking Industries, Confederation of European Forest Owners & Confederation of European Paper Industries, Brussels.
• Kotzing K., Motchell C., Morthorst P. E. 2012. Renewable energy policies in Europe and life history-factors. 262 (8): 1460-1472
• Kundzewicz Z. W., Kanae S., Seneviratne S. I., Handmer J., Nicholls N., Peduzzi P. 2014. Converging or diverging? Energy Policy 51: 192-201.
• Matthews S. N., Iverson L. R., Prasad A. M., Peters M. P., Rodewald P. G. 2011. Modifying climate change habitat models using tree species-specific assessments of model uncertainty and life history-factors. Forest Ecology and Management 262 (8): 1460-1472.
• McMahon S. M., Parker G. G., Miller D. R. 2010. Evidence for a recent increase in forest growth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. DOI: 10.1073.
• Nasi R. 2018. Weighs in on the EU debate over forest biomass Energy And Climate. CIFOR News Update.
• Paschalis-Jakubowicz P. 2011. Klimawandel – Bezüge zu Wäldern und Forstwirtschaft. W: Banse G., Janikowski R., Kiepas A. [red.]. Nachhaltige Entwicklung – transnational: Sichten und Erfahrungen aus Mitteleuropa. Edition Sigma, Berlin. 279-290.
• Paschalis-Jakubowicz P. 2012. Uwarunkowania strategii rozwoju Lasów Państwowych. CILP, Warszawa.
• Paschalis-Jakubowicz P. 2015. Lasy i leśnictwo świata. CILP, Warszawa.
• Pretzsch H. 2005. Diverity and productivity in forests: evidence from long-term experimental plots. W: Scherer-Lorenzen M., Korner C., Schulze E. D. [red.]. Forest diversity and function: temoerate and boreal systems. Berlin. Springer.
• Righelato R., Spracklen D. V. 2007. Carbon mitigation by biofuels or by saving and restoring forests? Science 317 (5840): 902.
• Upton J. 2014. What’s worse than burning coal?: burning wood. Climate & Energy. Worldwatch Institute. Washington, USA.
• Zarządzenie nr 9 Dyrektora Generalnego LP z dnia 15 marca 2017 w sprawie realizacji przez jednostki orga-nizacyjne LP budynków mieszkalnych i biurowych z wykorzystaniem drewna i materiałów drewno-pochodnych. 2017. BILP 292: 8.