Toksykologia współczesna nanomateriałów magnetycznych

• Autorzy: Cywinska M.A. , Grudzinski I. P.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Modern toxicology of magnetic nanomaterials

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Aktualny postęp w zakresie nanobiotechnologii doprowadził do rozwoju nowego obszaru nanomedycyny, związanego z aplikacją nano(bio)materiałów zarówno w celach diagnostycznych jak i terapeutycznych (teranostyki). Główne oczekiwania i wyzwania w powyższym zakresie dotyczą nanoproduktów magnetycznych, otrzymywanych metodami bioinżynierii, o potencjalnym zastosowaniu w transporcie leków, przede wszystkim leków przeciwnowotworowych, stosowanych w terapiach wykorzystujących określone molekularne punkty uchwytu. Wyjątkowe właściwości fizykochemiczne nanocząstek magnetycznych rokują nadzieję na rozwój współczesnej nanomedycyny nowotworów, stanowiąc między innymi technologiczny przełom w zakresie celowanego transportu leków i genów, terapii nowotworów z wykorzystaniem magnetycznej hipertermii, inżynierii tkankowej, znakowania komórek nowotworowych czy molekularnego obrazowania rezonansem magnetycznym. Wraz z szerokim zainteresowaniem magnetycznymi nanoproduktami bioinżynierii, w sferze szczególnej uwagi pozostaje ich potencjał toksyczny. Pokaźna ilość dotychczasowych dowodów naukowych sugeruje, że pewne właściwości nanocząstek magnetycznych (np. podwyższona aktywność powierzchniowa, zdolność do penetracji przez błony komórkowe, oporność na procesy biodegradacji) może zwiększać ich potencjał cytotoksyczny w porównaniu z odpowiadającymi im materiałami nieposiadającymi rozmiarów w nanoskali. Innymi słowy, ocena bezpieczeństwa przeprowadzona w odniesieniu do standardowych materiałów magnetycznych, może mieć ograniczone zastosowanie w ocenie ryzyka narażenia zdrowotnego i środowiskowego w przypadku nowych nanoproduktów magnetycznych otrzymanych metodami bioinżynierii. W niniejszym artykule dyskutujemy główne kierunki badawcze prowadzone w doświadczalnych modelach in vitro oraz in vivo w celu oceny toksyczności magnetycznych nanozwiązków, zwracając szczególną uwagę na problematykę analizy toksykologicznej nanomagnetyków. W pracy zaprezentowano ponadto nowe kierunki badawcze prowadzone na polu nanotoksykologii, podkreślając znaczenie rozwoju alternatywnych metod testowania magnetycznych nano(bio)produktów.

EN

Current advances in nanobiotechnology have led to the development of new field of nanomedicine, which includes many applications of nano(bio)materials for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes (theranostics). Major expectations and challenges are on bioengineered magnetic nanoparticles when their come to delivering drug compounds, especially to targeting anticancer drugs to specific molecular endpoints in cancer therapy. The unique physicochemical properties of these nanoparticles offer great promise in modern cancer nanomedicine to provide new technological breakthroughs, such as guided drug and gene delivery, magnetic hyperthermia cancer therapy, tissue engineering, cancer cell tracking and molecular magnetic resonance imaging. Along with the expanding interest in bio-engineered magnetic nanoproducts their potential toxicity has become one of the major concerns. To date, a number of recent scientific evidences suggest that certain properties of magnetic nanoparticles (e.g., enhanced reactive area, ability to cross cell membranes, resistance to biodegradation) may amplify their cytotoxic potential relative to bulk non-nanoscale counterparts. In other words, safety assessment developed for ordinary magnetic materials may be of limited use in determining the health and environmental risks of the novel bio-engineered magnetic nanoproducts. In the present paper we discuss the main directions of research conducted to assess the toxicity of magnetic nanocompounds in experimental in vitro and in vivo models, pointing to the key issues concerning the toxicological analysis of magnetic nanomaterials. In addition new research directions of nanotoxicological studies elucidating the importance of developing alternative methods for testing magnetic nano(bio)products are also presented.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

nanomaterialy; badania przedkliniczne; nanobiotechnologia; toksykologia; diagnostyka; teranostyka; toksykokinetyka; nanomagnetyki

EN

nanomaterial; preclinical research; nanobiotechnology; toxicology; diagnostics; theranostics; toxicokinetics

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 63
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: s.247-256,fot.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Cywinska M.A.

• Katedra i Zakład Toksykologii, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, ul.Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa

autor

Grudzinski I. P.

• Katedra i Zakład Toksykologii, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, ul.Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa

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