The rheological behaviour of enzyme clarified depectinated Indian gooseberry juice and its concentrate was studied as a function of total soluble solids concentration in the range of 8.2 to 35.9°Bx and temperatures from 20 to 80°C using coaxial controlled stress rheometer up to a shear rate of 600 s-1. The results indicated that the enzyme clarified gooseberry juice behaves like a Newtonian fluid with a viscosity ranging from 3.92 to 7.94 mPa s. The effect of temperature on viscosity of different concentration of juice was described by an Arrhenius type relationship (R >0.99). The activation energy for viscous flow was found to be in the range 4.34 to 5.37 KJ mol-1 depending upon the concentration of the juice. The activation energy of viscous flow on concentration was modeled by exponential equation (R>0.99). The effect of concentration on viscosity followed an exponential type relationship (R>0.98) at the temperature used.
Department of Fruits and Vegetable Technology, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore-570 011, India
Bibliografia
Altan A. and Maskan M., 2005. Rheological behavior of pomegranate juice and concentrate. J. Texture Studies, 36, 68-77.
Blahovec J., 2007. Role of water content in food and product texture. Int. Agrophysics, 21, 209-215.
Burubai W., Akor A.J., Igoni A.H., and Puyate Y.T., 2007. Effect of temperature and moisture content on strength properties of African nutmeg. Int. Agrophysics, 21, 217-225.
Gopalan C., Rama Sastri B.V., and Balasubramanian S.C., 2000. Nutritive values of Indian foods. Nat. Institute of Nutrition. Indian Council for Medical Research Press, Hyderabad, India.
Pradeep Kumar, 2008. Status of post harvest technology of aonla in India. Am. J. Food Technol., 3(1), 13-23.
IbarzR.,FalgueraV.,GarvinA.,GarzaS.,PaganJ., andIbraz A., 2009. Flow behavior of clarified orange juice at low temperatures. J. Texture Studies, 40, 445-456.
Ingate M.R. and Christensen C.M., 2007. Perceived textural dimensions of fruit-based beverages. J. Texture Studies, 12, 121-132.
Juszczak L. and Fortuna T., 2004. Effect of temperature and soluble solid content on the viscosity of cherry juice concentrate. Int. Agrophysics, 18, 17-21.
Juszczak L., Witczak M., and Galkowska D., 2009. Flow behavior of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) juice. Int. J. Food Eng., 5(1), 1-23.
Kaya A. and Belibagli K.B., 2002. Rheology of solid gaziantap pekmez. J. Food Eng., 54, 221-226.
Kaya A. and Sozer N., 2005. Rheological behavior of sour pomegranate juice concentrates (Punica granatum L.). Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 40, 223-227.
Khan M.T.H., Lampornti I., Martells D., Jabbar S., and Choundhuri M.S.K., 2002. Identification of pyrogallol as an antiproliferative compounds present in extracts from the medicinal plant Emblica officinalis, Effect on in vitro cell growth of human tumor cell lines. Int. J. Oncology, 20, 187-192.
Krokida M.K., Maroulis Z.B., and Saravacos G.D., 2001. Rheological properties of fluid fruit and vegetable puree products: Compilation of literature data. Int. J. Food Prop., 4(2), 179-200.
Liu X., Zhao M., Wang J., Yang B., and Jiang Y., 2008. Antioxidant activity of methonolics extracts of emblica fruit (Phyllanthus emblica L.) from six regions of China. J. Food Comp. Analysis, 21, 219-228.
Maskan M., 1999. Rheological behavior of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glalra) extract. J. Food Eng., 39, 389-393.
Poltanov E.A., Shikov A.N., Damien Dorman H.J., Pozharit-skaya O.N., Makarov V.G., Tikhonov V.P., and Hiltunen R., 2009. Chemical and antioxidant evaluation of Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn Syn Phyllanthus emblicaL.) supplements. PhytotherapyRes., 23, 1309-1315.
Ranganna S., 1986. Handbook of Analysis and Quality Control Fruits and Vegetable Products. Tata-McGraw-Hill Press, New Delhi, India.
Rao M.A., Cooley M.J., and Vitali A.A., 1984. Flow properties of concentrated juices at low temperature. Food Technol., 3, 113-119.
Rao M.A., 2007. Rheology of Fluid and Semisolid Foods, Principles and Applications. Springer Press, New York, USA.
Shamsudin R., Wan Daud W.R., Takrif M.S., Hassan O., Mustapha Kamal S.M., and Abdullah A.G.L., 2007. Influence of temperature and soluble solid contents on rheological properties of the josapine variety of pineapple fruit (Ananas comsus L.). Int. J. Eng. Technol., 4(2), 213-220.
Singh J. and Singh N., 2001. Studies on morphology, thermal and rheological properties of starch separated from some Indian potato cultivars. Food Chem., 75, 67-77.
SingletonV.L.,OrthoferR., andLamucla-RaventosR.M., 1999. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidative substrates and antioxidant by means of Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. Methods Enzymology, 299, 152-176.
Verma R.C. and Gupta A., 2004. Effect of pretreatment on quality of solar-dried amla. J. Food Eng., 65, 397-402.
Yusuph M., Tester R.F., Ansell R., and Snape C.E., 2003. Composition and properties of starches extracted from tubers of different potato varieties grown under the same environment conditions. Food Chem., 82, 283-289.
Zhishen J., Mengcheng T., and Jianming W., 1999. Determination of flavonoids content in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem., 64, 555-559.