Age related variation in the energy costs of torpor in Daubenton's bat: effects on fat accumulation prior to hibernation

• Autorzy: Kokurewicz T. , Speakman J. R.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Insectivorous bats in their first year of life generally deposit less fat prior to hibernation than older bats of the same species. In the present study we explored the energy expenditures of first-year (sub-adult) and older than one year (adult) Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii) during torpor and their patterns of roost site selection and fat accumulation in an artificial roost site, removing from the equation the effects of differences in aerial foraging behaviour by feeding them on non-aerial prey (mealworms). Sub-adult bats had oxygen consumption during torpor that averaged 2.75 × greater than adult individuals. In an artificial enclosure in which bats could fly freely and choose whether to roost inside or outside of a hollow brick, sub-adults gained body mass at a significantly lower rate (67.8 mg × day−1) than adults (100.3 mg × day−1), despite being fed non-aerial prey (mealworms). The difference in rates of mass accumulation (32.5 mg per day) far exceeded the theoretical influence of different metabolic rates (7 mg × day−1) in torpor. Despite lower rates of mass gain in this artificial situation, sub-adults ultimately achieved the same mass accumulation as adults because they continued to accumulate fat for a longer period, an option that might be unavailable to them in the wild as feeding conditions deteriorate. The rate of body mass accumulation was positively correlated with the time spent utilising the brick roost site, but utilisation of this site did not differ significantly between age classes. These data support the hypothesis that differences in the accumulation of fat between age classes may reflect in part differences in expenditure as well as differences in food intake, but the contribution of differences in metabolism during torpor are relatively small.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Chiropterologica
• Rocznik: 2006
• Tom: 08
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.509-521,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Kokurewicz T.

• Department of Zoology and Ecology, Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Kozuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland

autor

Speakman J. R.

Bibliografia

• Anthony, E. L. P. 1988. Age determination in bats. Pp. 47-58, in Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats (T. H. Kunz, ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., 533 pp.
• Avery, M. I. 1985. Winter activity of pipistrelle bats. Journal of Animal Ecology, 54: 721-738.
• Bogdanowicz, W. 1994. Myotis daubentonii. Mammalian Species, 475: 1-9.
• Brigham, M. R. 1987. The significance of winter activity by the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus): the influence of energy reserves. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65: 1240-1242.
• Bryant, D. M. 1997. Energy expenditure in wild birds. Proceedings of Nutrition Society, 56: 1025-1039.
• Burbank, R. C., and J. Z. Young. 1934. Temperature changes and winter sleep of bats. Journal of Physiology, 82: 459-467.
• Burnett, C. D., and T. H. Kunz. 1982. Growth rates and age estimation in Eptesicus fuscus and comparison with Myotis lucifugus. Journal of Mammalogy, 63: 33—41.
• Davis, W. H., and H. B. Hitchcock. 1965. Biology and migration of the bat, Myotis lucifugus, in New England. Journal of Mammalogy, 46: 296-313.
• Ewing, W. G., E. H. Studier, and M. J. O'Farrell. 1970. Autumn fat deposition and gross body composition in three species of Myotis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 36: 119-129.
• Findley, J. S. 1970. Phenetic relationships in the genus Myotis. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 40: 26-29.
• Findley, J. S., and C. J. Jones. 1967. Taxonomic relationships of bats of the species Myotis fortidens, M. lucifugus, and M. occulatus. Journal of Mammalogy, 48: 429-444.
• Geiger, H., M. Lechnert, and C. Kallasch. 1996. Zur Alterseinstufung von Wasserfledermäusen (Myotis daubentoni) mit Hilfe des Unterlippenflecks ('chin-spot'). Nyctalus (N.F.), 6: 23-28.
• Hall, M. 1832. XVI. On hibernation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1: 335-360.
• Hamilton, I. M„ and R. M. R. Barclay. 1998. Ontogenetic influences on foraging and mass accumulation by big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Journal of Animal Ecology, 67, 6: 930-940.
• Henshaw, R. E. 1970. Thermoregulation in bats. Pp. 188-232, in About bats: a chiropteran symposium (B. H. Slaughter, and D. W. Wilson, eds.). Southern Methodist University Press, Dallas, viii + 339 pp.
• Hock, R. J. 1951. The metabolic rates and body temperatures of bats. Biological Bulletin, 101: 289-299.
• Hoying, K. M., and T. H. Kunz. 1998. Variation in size at birth and post-natal growth in the insectivorous bat Pipistrellus subflavus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of Zoology (London), 245: 15-27.
• Hughes, P. M., J. M. V. Rayner, and G. Jones. 1995. Ontogeny of true flight and other aspects of growth in the bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus. Journal of Zoology (London), 236: 291-318.
• Humphries, M. M., D. W Thomas, and J. R. Speakman. 2002. Climate-mediated energetic constraints on the northern distribution of hibernating bats. Nature, 418: 313-314.
• Humphries, M. M., Thomas, D. W., and D. L. Kramer. 2003. The role of energy availability in mammalian hibernation: an experimental test in free-ranging eastern chipmunks. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 76: 180-186.
• Jones, G., and R. D. Ransome. 1993. Echolocation calls of bats are influenced by maternal effects and change over a lifetime. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 252B: 125-128.
• Jones, G., and T. Kokurewicz. 1994. Sex and age variation in echolocation calls and flight morphology of Daubenton's bats Myotis daubentonii. Mammalia, 58: 41-50.
• Kayser, C. 1965. Hibernation. Pp. 179-296, in Physiological mammalogy II. Mammalian reaction to stressful environments (W. Mayer and R. Van Gelder, eds.). Academic Press, New York, 323 pp.
• Kokurewicz, T. 1990. Hibernation of two age classes of Myotis daubentoni (Kuhl, 1819) in the nature reserve 'Nietoperek' (W Poland) and effect of microclimate on cluster formation. Bat Research News, 31: 43.
• Kokurewicz, T. 1999. Hibernation ecology of Daubenton's bat Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817). Ph.D. Thesis, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 141 pp.
• Kokurewicz, T. 2004. Sex and age related habitat selection and mass dynamics of Daubenton's bats Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817). hibernating in natural conditions. Acta Chiropterologica, 6: 121-144.
• Konstantinov, A. I. 1989. The ontogeny of echolocation functions in horseshoe bats. Pp. 271-280, in European bat research 1987 (V. Hanák, I. Horaćek, and J. Gaisler, eds.). Charles University Press, Praha, 718 pp.
• Koteja, P. 1996. Measuring energy metabolism with open-flow respirometric systems? Which design to choose? Functional Ecology, 10: 675-677.
• Krzanowski, A. 1961. Weight dynamics of bats wintering in the cave at Puławy (Poland). Acta Theriologica, 4: 249-264.
• Kunz, T. H. 1974. Feeding ecology of a temperate insectivorous bat (Myotis velifer). Ecology, 55: 693-711.
• Kunz, T. H., J. A. Wrazen, and C. D. Burnett. 1998. Changes in body mass and fat reserves in prehibernating little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). Ecoscience, 5: 8-17.
• Kurskov, A. N. 1981. Rukokrylye Belorussii. Nauka i Technika, Minsk, 136 pp.
• Mclean, J. A., and J. R. Speakman. 2000. Post-natal growth and variations in body mass of pregnant and lactating brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus L.): implications for variation in flight performance and energetics. Journal of Natural History, 34: 773-791.
• Morris, S., A. L. Curtin, and M. B. Thomson. 1994. Heterothermy, torpor, respiratory gas-exchange, water-balance and the effect of feeding in gould long-eared bat Nyctophilia gouldi. Journal of Experimental Biology, 197: 309-335.
• Munro, D., D. W. Thomas, and M. M. Humphries. 2005. Torpor patterns of hibernating eastern chipmunks Tamias striatus vary in response to the size and fatty acid composition of food hoards. Journal of Animal Ecology, 74: 692-700.
• Nyholm, E. S. 1965. Zur Ökologie von Myotis mystacinus (Leisl.) und Myotis daubentoni (Leisl.) (Chiroptera). Annales Zoologici Fennici, 2: 77-123.
• Oliver, J. E., and R. W. Fairchild. 1984. The encyclopedia of climatology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 540 pp.
• Petit, E. 1998. Population structure and post-glacial history of the noctule bat Nyctalus noctula (Chiroptera, Mammalia). Ph.D. Thesis, Friedrich- Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 105 pp.
• Ransome, R. D. 1968. The distribution of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, during hibernation, in relation to environmental factors. Journal of Zoology (London), 154: 77-112.
• Richardson, P. W. 1994. A new method of distinguishing Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii) up to one year old from adults. Journal of Zoology (London), 223: 307-344.
• Roer, H. 1969. Zur Ernährungsbiologie von Plecotus auritus (L.) (Chiroptera). Bonner Zoologisch Beiträge, 20: 378-383.
• Speakman, J. R. 2000. The cost of living: field metabolic rates of small mammals. Advanced Ecological Research, 30: 177-297.
• Speakman, J. R., and P. A. Racey. 1989. Hibernal ecology of the pipistrelle bat: energy expenditure, water requirements and mass loss, implications for survival and the function of winter emergence flights. Journal of Animal Ecology, 58: 797-813.
• Speakman, J. R., and A. Rowland. 1999. Preparing for inactivity: how insectivorous bats deposit a fat store for hibernation. Proceedings of Nutrition Society, 58: 123-131.
• Speakman, J. R., and D. W. Thomas. 2003. Physiological ecology and energetics of bats. Pp. 430-490, in Bat ecology (T. H. Kunz and M. B. Fenton, eds.). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 798 pp.
• Speakman, J. R., P. I. Webb, and P. A. Racey. 1991. Effects of disturbance on the energy expenditure of hibernating bats. Journal of Applied Ecology, 28: 1087-1104.
• Stebbings, R. E. 1966. A population study of bats of the genus Plecotus. Journal of Zoology (London), 150: 53-75.
• Stern, A. A., and T. H. Kunz. 1998. Intraspecific variation in postnatal growth in the greater spearnosed bat. Journal of Mammalogy, 79: 755-763.
• Strelkov, P. P. 1969. Migratory and stationary bats (Chiroptera) of the European part of the Soviet Union. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 14: 393-439.
• Thomas, D. W. 1993. The physiological ecology of hibernation in vespertilionid bats. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 67: 233-244.
• Thomas, D. W., and F. Geiser. 1997. Periodic arousals in hibernating mammals: is evaporative water loss involved? Functional Ecolology, 11: 585-591.
• Thomas, D. W„ D. Cloutier, and D. Gagne. 1990a. Arrythmic breathing, apnea and non-steady state oxygen uptake in hibernating little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Journal of Experimental Biology, 149: 395-406.
• Thomas, D. W., M. Dorais, and J. M. Bergeron. 19906. Winter energy budgets and cost of arousals for hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. Journal of Mammalogy, 71: 475-479.
• Twente, J. W., and V. Brack. 1985. The duration of the period of hibernation of three species of vespertilionid bats. I. Field studies. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63: 2952-2954.
• Twente, J. W. 1955. Some aspects of habitat selection and other behaviour of cavern dwelling bats. Ecology, 36: 706-732.
• Twente, J. W., J. Twente, and V. Brack. 1985. The duration of the period of hibernation of three species of vespertilionid bats. II. Laboratory studies. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63: 2955-2961.
• Whitaker, J. O., Jr., R. K. Rose, and T. M. Padgett. 1997. Food of the red bat Lasiurus borealis in winter in the Great Dismal Swamp, North Carolina and Virginia. The American Midland Naturalist, 137: 408-411.
• White, G. 1789. The Natural history and antiquities of Selbourne, in the County of Southampton: with Engravings, and an Appendix. T. Bensley, for B. White and Son, London, 468 pp.

Uwagi

PL