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2015 | 24 | 4 |

Tytuł artykułu

Ambient air quality evaluation: a comparative study in China and Pakistan

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
Vehicle and industrial emissions are responsible for a considerable share of urban air pollution concentrations. We conducted a comparative study in Dalian, China and Faisalabad, Pakistan to reevaluate NO₂, SO₂, and CO concentrations. Our study was conducted over the course of one year at different stations in both cities, and measured values were compared with ambient air quality standards such as NEQS-Pakistan, NAAQSUSEPA, CNAAQS-China, and global standard WHO. The NO₂ concentrations in Faisalabad varied from 185- 262 μg/m³ , whereas it was in the range of 44-133 μg/m³ in Dalian. The SO₂ concentration was found in the range of 66-190 μg/m³ and 56-128 μg/m³ , while CO varied from 5.4-22.3 mg/m³ and 0.3-2.8 mg/m³ , respectively, in Faisalabad and Dalian. The annual average NO₂, SO₂, and CO concentrations were below the permissible limits in Dalian; however, the measured values were considerably higher in Faisalabad. Our results are the first to compare air quality of two countries at different stations and highlight the possibility of reducing air pollution by comparing conditions.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

24

Numer

4

Opis fizyczny

p.1723-1732,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
autor
  • Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
autor
  • National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
autor
  • Department of Structures and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
autor
  • Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

Bibliografia

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  • 3. TRAN C.L., BUCHANAN D., CULLEN R.T., SEARL A., JONES A.D., DONALDSON K. Inhalation of Poorly Soluble Particles. II. influence of Particle Surface Area on Inflammation and Clearance. Inhalation Toxicol. 12, 1113, 2000.
  • 4. DONALDSON K., TRAN C.L., JIMENEZ L.A., DUFFIN R., NEWBY D., MILLS N., MACNEE W., STONE V. Combustion-derived Nanoparticles: A Review of Their Toxicology Following Inhalation Exposure. Part. Fibre Toxicol. 2, 10, 2005.
  • 5. PEDEN D.B. The Epidemiology and Genetics of Asthma Risk Associated with Air Pollution. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 115, 213, 2005.
  • 6. LI N., XIA T., NEL A.E. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Ambient Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Diseases and its Implications in the Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles. Free Radical Biol. Med. 44, 1689, 2008.
  • 7. RIEDL M.A. The Effect of Air Pollution on Asthma and Allergy. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 8, 139, 2008.
  • 8. COLBECK I., NASIR Z.A., ALI Z. The state of ambient air quality in Pakistan – a review. Environ Sci. Pollut. Res. 17, 49, 2010.
  • 9. CHAN C.K., YAO X. Air Pollution in Mega Cities in China. Atmos. Environ. 42, 1, 2008.
  • 10. KAN H., CHEN R., TONG S. Ambient Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Population Health in China. Environ. Int. 42, 10, 2012.
  • 11. SHAO M., TANG X., ZHANG Y., LI W. City Clusters in China: Air and Surface Water Pollution. Front. Ecol. Environ. 4, 353, 2006.
  • 12. TIAN H.Z., HAO J.M., HU M.Y., NIE Y.F. Recent Trends of Energy Consumption and Air Pollution in China. J. Energy Eng. 133, 4, 2007.
  • 13. YANG D.X., WANG Z.Q., ZHANG R.J. Estimating Air Quality Impacts of Elevated Point Source Emissions in Chongqing, China. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 8, 279, 2008.
  • 14. HAN S.Q., BIAN H., FENG Y.C., LIU A.X., LI X.J., ZENG F., ZHANG X.L. Analysis of the Relationship between O₃, NO and NO₂ in Tianjin, China. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 11, 128, 2011.
  • 15. YANG S.J., HE H.P., LU S.L., CHEN D., ZHU J.X. Quantification of Crop Residue Burning in the Field and Its Influence on Ambient Air Quality in Suqian, China. Atmos. Environ. 42, 1961, 2008.
  • 16. WANG H., FU L., ZHOU Y., DU X., GE W. Trends in Vehicular Emissions in China's Mega Cities from 1995 to 2005. Environ. Pollut. 158, 394, 2010.
  • 17. ZHAO Y., WANG S.X., DUAN L., LEI Y., CAO P.F., HAO J.M. Primary Air Pollutant Emissions of Coalfired Power Plants in China: Current Status and Future Prediction. Atmos. Environ. 42, 8442, 2008.
  • 18. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 2013. Pakistan Statistical Year Book 2012-13, 2013. http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/pakistan-statistical-year-book-2012
  • 19. Online available with updates http://www.faisalabad.gov.pk
  • 20. Online available with updates http://www.epb.dl.gov.cn
  • 21. Pak-EPA/JICA. Measurement of NO₂ Concentration in Ambient Air in Major Cities of Pakistan Using Diffusion Samplers, 2006. Available at: http://www.environment.gov.pk/news.htm Accessed on 3 July 2008.
  • 22. GURJARA B.R., BUTLER T.M., LAWRENCE M.G., LELIEVELD J. Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities. Atmos. Environ. 42, 1593, 2008.
  • 23. Pak-EPA/JICA. 3 Cities Investigation of Air and Water Quality (Lahore, Rawalpindi & Islamabad), JICA-Pak-EPA, June, 2001. Available at: http://www.environment.gov.pk/pub-pdf/3cityinv.pdf.accessed on 3 July 3, 2008.
  • 24. Pak-EPA/JICA. 2 Cities Investigation of Air and Water Quality (Gujranwala, Faisalabad), JICA-Pak-EPA, November 2003, 2001. Available at: http://www.environment.gov.pk/pub-pdf/ accessed on 3 July, 2008.
  • 25. GHOSE M.K., PAUL R., BANERJEE S.K. Assessment of the impacts of vehicular emissions on urban air quality and its management in Indian context: the case of Kolkata (Calcutta). Environ. Sci. & Policy. 7, (4), 345, 2004.
  • 26. YE B., JI X., YANG H., YAO X., CHAN C.K., CADLE S.H., CHAN T., MULAWA P.A. Concentration and chemical composition of PM₂.₅ in Shanghai for 1-year period. Atmosp. Environ. 37, 499, 2003.
  • 27. GHAURI B., LODHI A., MANSHA M. Development of baseline (air quality) data in Pakistan. Environ. Monit. Assess. 127, 237, 2007.
  • 28. SALAM A., HOSSAIN T., SIDDIQUE M.N.A., SHAFIQUL A.S. Characteristics of atmospheric trace gases, particulate matter, and heavy metal pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Air Qual. Atmos Health. 1, (2), 101, 2008.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

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