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Czasopismo

2013 | 25 | 2 |

Tytuł artykułu

Colonisation of apple and blackcurrant roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi following mycorrhisation and the use of organic mulches

Warianty tytułu

PL
Zasiedlanie przez arbuskularne grzyby mikroryzowe korzeni jabłoni i porzeczki czarnej po zastosowaniu mikoryzacji ściółek organicznych

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mycorrhisation and mulching on the colonisation of the roots of‘Gold Milennium’ apple trees and ‘Ojebyn’ and ‘Tiben’ blackcurrant bushes by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In order to assess mycorrhizal frequency, samples of roots were collected in the 2012 season from all of the experimental combinations (control, peat substrate, bark, sawdust, manure, compost, mycorrhizal substrate and straw). The results of the analyses showed that all of the different mulches had a positive effect on increasing the degree of mycorrhizal association. In apple, the highest mycorrhizal frequency (F% - mycorrhizal frequency for the entire sample) and mycorrhizal intensity (M% - relative mycorrhizal frequency for the entire sample) were observed in the roots of trees inoculated with the mycorrhizal substrate (F = 24.40%, M = 0.24%) and those mulched with compost (F = 16.67%, M = 0.17%). In blackcurrant, the highest values of mycorrhizal frequency and mycorrhizal intensity were recorded in the roots of ‘Tiben’ bushes inoculated with the mycorrhizal substrate (F = 37.78%, M = 0.38%) and those mulched with sawdust (F = 21.11%, M = 0.21%).
PL
Celem doświadczenia było określenie wpływu mikoryzacji i ściółkowania na zasiedlanie korzeni drzew jabłoni odmiany Gold Milenium oraz porzeczki czarnej odmian: Ojebyn i Tiben przez arbuskularne grzyby mikoryzowe. W celu oceny stopnia frekwencji mikoryzowej, w sezonie 2012 pobrano próby korzeni ze wszystkich kombinacji doświadczalnych (kontrola, substrat torfowy, kora, trociny, obornik, kompost, substrat mikoryzowy, słoma). Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wykazały, iż wszystkie ściółki miały pozytywny wpływ na zwiększenie stopnia asocjacji mikoryzowej. Najwyższy stopień frekwencji mikoryzowej (F% - stopień frekwencji mikoryzowej w całej próbce) i inten¬sywności mikoryzowej (M% - intensywność mikoryzowa w całej próbce) odnotowano w korzeniach jabłoni inokulowanych substratem mikoryzowym (F = 24,40%, M = 0,24%) i ściół¬kowanych kompostem (F = 16,67%, M = 0,17%). W korzeniach porzeczki czarnej odmiany Tiben inokulowanych substratem mikoryzowym (F = 37,78%, M = 0,38%) oraz ściółkowanych troci¬nami (F = 21,11%, M = 0,21%) odnotowano najwyższe wartości frekwencji mikoryzowej i intensywności mikoryzowej. Received February 26, 2013; accepted August 2, 201

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Czasopismo

Rocznik

Tom

25

Numer

2

Opis fizyczny

p.117-122,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Department of Pomology, Research Institute of Horticulture, Pomologiczna 18, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
autor
  • Department of Pomology, Research Institute of Horticulture, Pomologiczna 18, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
autor
  • Department of Pomology, Research Institute of Horticulture, Pomologiczna 18, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
autor
  • Department of Pomology, Research Institute of Horticulture, Pomologiczna 18, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland

Bibliografia

  • AZCÓN-AQUILAR C., BAREA J.M., 1992. Interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and other rhizosphere microorganisms. In: Mycorrhizal functioning an integrative pi ant-fun gal process. M.J. Allen (ed.), New York, Chapman & Hall: 63-198.
  • Cox G., TINKER B.B., 1976. Translocation and transfer of nutrients in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas I. The arbuscule and phosphorus transfer: quantitative ultrastructural study. New Phytol. 77: 371-378. ESPERSCHÜTZ J., GATTINGER A., MÁDER R, SCHLOTER M., FLIESSBACH A., 2007. Response of soil microbial biomass and community structures to conventional and organic farming systems under identical crop rotations. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 61: 26-37.
  • FORGE T., MUAHLCHEN A., HACKENBERG C., NEILSEN G., VRAIN T., 2001. Effects of preplant inoculation of apple (Mains domestica Borkh.) with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on population growth of the root- lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans. Plant Soil 236: 185-196.
  • JONES R.J.A., HIEDERER R., Rusco E., MONTANARELLA L., 2005. Estimating organic carbon in the soils of Europe for policy support. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 56(5): 655-671.
  • LINDERMAN R.G., 2000. Effects of mycorrhizas on plant tolerance to diseases. In: Arbuscular mycorrhizas: physiology and function. Y. Kapulnik and D.D. Douds Jr (eds), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: 345-365.
  • MATSUBARA Y, KARIKOMI T., IKUTA M., HORI H., ISHIKAWA S., HARADA T., 1996. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on growth of apple (Malus ssp.) seedlings. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sei. 65(2): 297-302.
  • MEIKLE T.W., AMARANTHUS M., 2008. The influence of fertilization regime and mycorrhizal inoculum on outplanting success: a field trial of containerized seedlings in Oregon. Native Plants J. 9(2): 107-116.
  • MILLER M.H., JACKSON L.E., 1998. Survey of vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizae in lettuce production in relation to management and soil factors. J. Agric. Sci. 130: 173-182.
  • NGOSONG C., JAROSCH M., RAUPP J., NEUMANN E., RUESS L., 2010. The impact of farming practice on soil microorganisms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Crop type versus long-term mineral and organic fertilization. Appl. Soil Ecol. 46: 134-142.
  • PHILIPS J.M., HAYMAN D.A., 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55: 158-161.
  • PLENCETTE C., CLERMONT-DAUPHIN C., MEYNARD J.M., FORTIN J.A., 2005. Managing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cropping systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: 31-40.
  • PURIN S., FILHO K.O., STÜRMER S.L., 2006. Mycorrhizae activity and diversity in conventional and organic apple orchards from Brazil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38: 1831-1839.
  • RYAN M.H., CHILVERS G.A., DUMARESQ D.C., 1994. Colonisation of wheat by VA-mycorrhizal fungi was found to be higher on a farm managed in an organic manner than on conventional neighbor. Plant Soil 160: 33-40.
  • SAS PASZT L., MERCIK S., 2004. The response of apple rootstocks P22, M9, M26, and apple tree cultivars ‘ Jonagold’ and ‘Gala’ to soil acidification. Acta Hort. 636: 167-172.
  • SAS PASZT L., SUMOROK B., MALUSA E., GLUSZEK S., DERKOWSKA E., 2011. The influence of bioproducts on root growth and mycorrhizal occurrence in the rhizosphere of strawberry plants ‘Elsanta’. J. Fruit Omam. Plant Res. 19(1): 13-33.
  • SAS PASZT L., ZURAWICZ E., 2004. The influence of nitrogen forms on root growth and pH changes in the rhizosphere of strawberry plants. Acta Hort. 649: 217-221.
  • SAS PASZT L., ZURAWICZ E., 2005. Studies of the rhizosphere of strawberry plants at the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, Poland. Int. J. Fruit Sci. 5(1): 115-126.
  • SMITH S.E., READ D.J., 1997. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Academic Press, London: 605.
  • SUMOROK B., SAS PASZT L., GLUSZEK S., DERKOWSKA E., ZURAWICZ E., 2011. The effect of mycorrhisation and mulching of apple trees ‘Gold Millennium’ and blackcurrant bushes ‘Tiben’ on the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. J. Fruit Omam. Plant Res. 19(1): 35-49.
  • TOYOTA K., KUNINAGA S., 2006. Comparison of soil microbial community between soils amended with or without farmyard manure. Appl. Soil Ecol. 33: 39-48.
  • TROUVELOT A., ROUGH J.L., GIANINAZZI-PEARSON V., 1986. Mesure du taux de mycorhization VA d’un systeme radiculaire. Recherche de methods d’estimation ayant une signification fonctionnelle. In: Physiological and Genetical Aspects of Mycorrhizae. V. Gianinazzi- Pearson and S. Gianinazzi (eds), INRA, Paris: 217-221.
  • TURNAU K., RYSZKA R, GIANINAZZI-PEARSON V., VAN TUINEN D., 2001. Identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils and roots of plants colonizing zinc wastes in Southern Poland. Mycorrhizae 10: 169-174.
  • VESSEY J.K., 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant Soil 255: 571-586.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

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