Protecting environment, managing e-waste and ensuring development: perspective on ‘waste electrical and electronic equipment’ situation in Guiyu, Agbogbloshie and Dhaka

• Autorzy: Masoom M.R. , Toufique M.M.K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Fast development of the electronics industry and an eminent value of obsolescence of the electronic productions conduce to the uninterrupted production of great amounts of electronic waste or e-wasteworldwide. Due to the frequent commingling of a wide range of reusable, or recyclable, and non-recyclable surplus electronics, the term "e-waste" infer all sorts of these leftovers. Even though the economic benefits are potentially enormous, only a small proportion of the electronic waste is being recycled all around. There is a transaction cost associated with the recycling process due to the environmental protection regulations, hence economically less attractiveat the industry level in developed nations. However, to the least developed nations where owing to low living standard the demand for the better quality environment is low, even nonexistent, recycling e-waste has become a livelihood earning opportunity. The study intends to interpret the socio-economic consequences of e-wastes by focusing the detrimental effects that it have created in China and Ghana, and attempts to outline what developing nations like Bangladesh can do to prevent or reduce the harmful consequences of it.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Bangladesh; Dhaka city; Ghana; Accra city; China; Guiyu town; waste dump area; waste of electrical and electronic equipment; electronic waste; environmental hazard; environment protection; safety management

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: International Letters of Natural Sciences
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: 52
• Opis fizyczny: p.88-96,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Masoom M.R.

• School of Business and Economics, United International University, Bangladesh

autor

Toufique M.M.K.

• School of Business and Economics, United International University, Bangladesh

Bibliografia

• [1] The Random House Dictionary of the English Language (1977) Second Edition, Edited by Jess Stein and Laurence Urdang. Random House Inc (T). USA.
• [2] Directive, E. U. (2002). 96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Official Journal of the European Union L, 37, 24-38.
• [3] Kang, H. Y., & Schoenung, J. M. (2005). Electronic waste recycling: A review of US infrastructure and technology options. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 45(4), 368-400.
• [4] Ansari, N. L., Ashraf, M. M., Malik, B. T., & Grunfeld, H. (2010, June). Green IT awareness and practices: Results from a field study on mobile phone related e-waste in Bangladesh. In Technology and Society (ISTAS), 2010 IEEE International Symposium on (pp. 375-383). IEEE.
• [5] Luthar, B., & Kropivnik, S. (2011). Class, Cultural Capital, and the Mobile Phone. Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review, (06), 1091-1118.
• [6] Kahhat, R., Kim, J., Xu, M., Allenby, B., Williams, E., & Zhang, P. (2008). Exploring e-waste management systems in the United States. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(7), 955-964.
• [7] Jang, Y. C., & Townsend, T. G. (2003). Leaching of lead from computer printed wire boards and cathode ray tubes by municipal solid waste landfill leachates. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(20), 4778-4784.
• [8] Electronics take back Coalition (2014). Facts and Figures on E-Waste and Recycling.Retrieved on December 10, 2015. URL: http://www.electronicstakeback.com/wpcontent/ uploads/Facts_and_Figures_on_EWaste_and_Recycling.pdf
• [8] Huo, X., Peng, L., Xu, X., Zheng, L., Qiu, B., Qi, Z., ... & Piao, Z. (2007). Elevated blood lead levels of children in Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling town in China. Environmental Health Perspectives, 1113-1117.
• [9] Kozlan, Melanie (2010-11-02). "What is 'E-Waste' & How Can I Get Rid Of It?!". Four Green Steps.
• [10] Smith, Christopher S. (2015). “The Economics of E-Waste and the Cost to the Environment” Natural Resources & Environment, Volume 30, Number 2.
• [11] Baldé, C. P., Wang, F., Kuehr, R., & Huisman, J. (2015). The global e-waste monitor–2014. United Nations University, IAS–SCYCLE, Bonn, Germany.
• [12] Barnett, A. H. (1980). The Pigouvian tax rule under monopoly. The American Economic Review, 1037-1041.
• [13] Drayton, Heather L. (2007) "Economics of Electronic Waste Disposal Regulations," Hofstra Law Review: Vol. 36: Iss. 1, Article 7.
• [14] UNEP (2007). “E-waste Volume II, E-waste Management Manual”. International Environmental Technology Center. United Nations Environmental Program.
• [15] Bernhardt, A., & Gysi, N. (2013). The world’s worst 2013: The top ten toxic threats. Blacksmith Institute and Green Cross Switzerland.
• [17] Wong, C. S., Duzgoren-Aydin, N. S., Aydin, A., & Wong, M. H. (2007). Evidence of excessive releases of metals from primitive e-waste processing in Guiyu, China. Environmental Pollution, 148(1), 62-72.
• [18] Nnorom, I. C., & Osibanjo, O. (2008). Overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management practices and legislations, and their poor applications in the developing countries. Resources, conservation and recycling, 52(6), 843-858.
• [19] Brigden, K., Labunska, I., Santillo, D., & Johnston, P. (2008). Chemical contamination at ewaste recycling and disposal sites in Accra and Korforidua, Ghana.
• [20] Caravanos, J., Clark, E., Fuller, R., & Lambertson, C. (2011). Assessing worker and environmental chemical exposure risks at an e-waste recycling and disposal site in Accra, Ghana. Journal of health and pollution, 1(1), 16-25.
• [21] Grant, R., & Oteng-Ababio, M. (2012). Mapping the invisible and real" African" economy: urban e-waste circuitry. Urban Geography, 33(1), 1-21.
• [22] Quadir, S. (2015) Bangladesh gets go-ahead for first technology business park. Dhaka: Reuters. Retrieved on 01. Januar 2016, URL: http://in.reuters.com/article/bangladeshhitechpark-idINKCN0P80SR20150628
• [23] Alam, M., & Bahauddin, K. M. (2015). Electronic Waste in Bangladesh: Evaluating the Situation, Legislation and Policy and Way Forward With Strategy and Approach. Present Environment and Sustainable Development, 9(1), 81-101.
• [24] Ahmed, F. R. S. (2011, July). E-waste management scenario in Bangladesh. In WEEE/E-waste management workshop on take-back system (pp. 13-15).
• [25] Ahmed, S. U. (2011). Informal Sector E-waste Recycling Practices in Bangladesh. Research report series: 60010.[Ekushey Boi Mela, Bangladesh.
• [26] Mahboob, N. S., & Rahman, R. R. (2015, August 28). Electronic waste: Why should you care? The Daily Star. Retrieved December 20, 2015, from http://103.16.74.132/op-ed/why-shouldyou- care-133597
• [27] Rahman, R. R., & Mahboob, N. S. (2015, August 5). Electronic Waste: The Story of Bangladesh The Daily Star. Retrieved December 20, 2015, from http://www.thedailystar.net/oped/ politics/electronic-waste-the-story-bangladesh-121792
• [28] OECD. Publishing. (2001). Extended Producer Responsibility: A Guidance Manual for Governments. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
• [29] Turner, R. K. (1994). Economic incentives and environmental policies: principles and practice (Vol. 1). Springer Science & Business Media. Page No. 62.
• [30] Ferguson, M. E., & Souza, G. C. (Eds.). (2010). Closed-loop supply chains: new developments to improve the sustainability of business practices. CRC Press. Page. 26.
• [31] Sthiannopkao, S., & Wong, M. H. (2013). Handling e-waste in developed and developing countries: Initiatives, practices, and consequences. Science of the Total Environment, 463, 1147-1153.
• DOI References
• [3] Kang, H. Y., & Schoenung, J. M. (2005). Electronic waste recycling: A review of US infrastructure and technology options. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 45(4), 368-400. 10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.06.001
• [4] Ansari, N. L., Ashraf, M. M., Malik, B. T., & Grunfeld, H. (2010, June). Green IT awareness and practices: Results from a field study on mobile phone related e-waste in Bangladesh. In Technology and Society (ISTAS), 2010 IEEE International Symposium on (pp.375-383. 10.1109/istas.2010.5514618
• [6] Kahhat, R., Kim, J., Xu, M., Allenby, B., Williams, E., & Zhang, P. (2008). Exploring e-waste management systems in the United States. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(7), 955- 964. 10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.03.002
• [7] Jang, Y. C., & Townsend, T. G. (2003). Leaching of lead from computer printed wire boards and cathode ray tubes by municipal solid waste landfill leachates. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(20), 4778-4784. 10.1021/es034155t
• [8] Huo, X., Peng, L., Xu, X., Zheng, L., Qiu, B., Qi, Z., .. & Piao, Z. (2007). Elevated blood lead levels of children in Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling town in China. Environmental Health Perspectives, 1113-1117. 10.1289/ehp.9697
• [17] Wong, C. S., Duzgoren-Aydin, N. S., Aydin, A., & Wong, M. H. (2007). Evidence of excessive releases of metals from primitive e-waste processing in Guiyu, China. Environmental Pollution, 148(1), 62-72. 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.11.006
• [18] Nnorom, I. C., & Osibanjo, O. (2008). Overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management practices and legislations, and their poor applications in the developing countries. Resources, conservation and recycling, 52(6), 843-858. 10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.01.004
• [20] Caravanos, J., Clark, E., Fuller, R., & Lambertson, C. (2011). Assessing worker and environmental chemical exposure risks at an e-waste recycling and disposal site in Accra, Ghana. Journal of health and pollution, 1(1), 16-25. 10.5696/jhp.v1i1.22
• [21] Grant, R., & Oteng-Ababio, M. (2012). Mapping the invisible and real" African" economy: urban ewaste circuitry. Urban Geography, 33(1), 1-21. 10.2747/0272-3638.33.1.1
• [23] Alam, M., & Bahauddin, K. M. (2015). Electronic Waste in Bangladesh: Evaluating the Situation, Legislation and Policy and Way Forward With Strategy and Approach. Present Environment and Sustainable Development, 9(1), 81-101. 10.1515/pesd-2015-0005
• [30] Ferguson, M. E., & Souza, G. C. (Eds. ). (2010). Closed-loop supply chains: new developments to improve the sustainability of business practices. CRC Press. Page. 26. 10.1201/9781420095258
• [31] Sthiannopkao, S., & Wong, M. H. (2013). Handling e-waste in developed and developing countries: Initiatives, practices, and consequences. Science of the Total Environment, 463, 1147- 1153. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.088

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILNS.52.88