Wpływ różnej zawartości wody w glebie na uwodnienie i uszkodzenia liści, fluorescencję chlorofilu oraz wzrost siewek genotypów kukurydzy i pszenżyta różniących się wrażliwością na suszę

• Autorzy: Grzesiak M.T. , Skoczowski A.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Influence of different soil moisture on leaf water content, chlorophyll fluorescence and seedling growth in maize and triticale genotypes differing to drought tolerance

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W przeprowadzonych badaniach wykazano zmienność reakcji odpornych i wrażliwych genotypów kukurydzy i pszenżyta na zróżnicowaną zawartość wody w glebie. W warunkach suszy lub zatapiania gleby obniżała się wysokość siewek i sucha masa poszczególnych organów, zmniejszała liczba wykształcanych liści. Jedną z przyczyn odmiennej reakcji badanych genotypów na warunki suszy i zatapiania roślin może być bardziej oszczędna gospodarka wodna oraz korzystniejsze relacje między rozmiarami części nadziemnych do rozmiarów korzeni u genotypów odpornych na suszę. Genotypy kukurydzy i pszenżyta odporne na suszę w porównaniu z genotypami wrażliwymi wykazywały mniej szkodliwy wpływ czynników stresowych na uwodnienie liści, potencjalną wydajność fotosystemu PS II, uszkodzenia membran cytoplazmatycznych oraz liczbę, długość korzeni węzłowych i bocznych. Obserwowane różnice badanych cech pomiędzy odpornymi i wrażliwymi genotypami były bardziej widoczne u kukurydzy. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że genotypy wykazujące większą wrażliwość na działanie okresowej suszy glebowej są równocześnie bardziej wrażliwe na okresowy nadmiar wody w glebie.

EN

Soil water content, i.e. both its shortage (soil drought) as well as its excess (physiological drought caused by hypoxia) is one of the main environment factors responsible for the occurrence of water deficit in plant tissues and, as a consequence, for the reduction of crop yield. Investigations carried out so far related to the various aspects of the reaction of the plant root system to low and high soil water content are relatively scarce, especially in regards to the differences between cultivars of the same species. Effects of different soil moisture (soil drought and waterlogging) on the growth and morphological traits of the root system were studied in drought resistant and drought sensitive genotypes of maize and triticale. The investigations comprised analyses of plant root system growth through determining the number, length and dry matter of particular components of root system. The obtained results demonstrated a relatively broad variation in the habit of maize and triticale root system. Plants grown under low or high soil water content showed a smaller number and less dry matter of lateral branching than the control plants. The harmful effect of drought conditions on the growth of roots was greater as compared with that of plants exposed to waterlogging. The observed effects of all treatments were more distinct in a drought sensitive genotypes. The drought resistant genotypes (Tina, CHD-247) were more characterized with extensive rooting and smaller alterations in root morphology under the stress conditions as compared with drought sensitive one (Ankora, CHD-12). The obtained results confirm that the genotypes of high drought susceptibility were found to be also more sensitive to periodical soil water excess. A more efficient water use and a lower shoot to root (S/R) ratio were found to be major reasons for a higher stress resistance of the genotypes (Tina, CHD-247). The reasons for a different response of the examined genotypes to drought or waterlogging may be a more economical water balance and more favourable relations between the shoot and root dimensions in the drought resistant genotypes. The results suggest that the morphological traits of maize and triticale root system may be used in practice as direct or indirect selection criteria in plant breeding.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: 496
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: s.229-240,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Grzesiak M.T.

• Instytut Fizjologii Roślin im.F.Górskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk, ul.Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków

autor

Skoczowski A.

• Instytut Fizjologii Roślin im.F.Górskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk, ul.Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków

Bibliografia

• Gregory P.J., Lake J.V., Rose D.A. 1987. Root development and function. Society for Experimental Biology. Seminar series 30, Cambridge University Press: 206 ss.
• Grzesiak S. 2001. Genotypie variation between maize (Zea mays L.) single cross hybrids in response to drought stress. Acta Physiol. Plantarum 23(4): 437-451.
• Grzesiak S., Grzesiak M.T., Filek W., Hura Т., Stabryła J. 2002. The impact of different soil moisture and soil compaction on the growth of triticale root system. Acta Physiol. Plantarum 24(3): 331-342.
• Grzesiak S., Grzesiak M.T., Filek W., Stabryła J. 2003. Evaluation of physiological sreening tests for breeding drought resistant triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack). Acta Physiol. Plantarum 25(1): 29-37.
• Hamblin A., Tennant D. 1987. Root length density and crop water uptake: How well are they correlated? Aust. J. Agric. Res. 38: 513-527.
• Hurd E.A. 1974. Can we breed for drought resistance? w: Drought injury and resistance in crops. Larson K.L., Eastin J.D. (eds). Published by Crop Science Society of America, Madison: 77-88.
• Kono Y., Tomida K., Tatsumi J. 1987a. Effects of soil moisture conditions on development of root system of soybean plants (Glycine max Merr.). Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 56(4): 597-607.
• Kono Y., Yamauchi A., Kawamura N., Tatsumi J. 1987b. Interspecific differences of the capacities of waterlogging and drought tolerances among summer cereals. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 56(1): 115-129.
• Kono Y., Yamauchi A., Nonoyama Т., Tatsumi J., Kawamura N. 1987c. A revised system of root-soil interaction for laboratory work. Environ. Control in Biol. 25: 141-151.
• Levitt J. 1980. Responses of plants to environmental stresses. Academic Press: 77 ss.
• Listowski A. 1983.Agroekologiczne podstawy uprawy roślin. PWN: 319 ss.
• Loss S.P., Siddique K.H.M. 1994. Morphological and physiological traits associated with wheat yield increases in Mediterranean environments. Adv. in Agronomy 52: 229-276.
• O Toole J.C., Bland W.L. 1987. Genotypie variation in crop plant root system. Advences in Agronomy 41: 91-145.
• Passioura J.B. 1981. Water collection by roots, w: The physiology and biochemistry of drought resistance in plants. Paleg L.G., Aspinall D. (eds), Academic Press, Sydney, New York, London, Toronto, San Francisco: 39-54.
• Passioura J.B., Condon A.G., Richards R.A. 1993. Water deficits, the development of leaf area and crop productivity, w: Water deficits plant responses from cell to community. Smith J.A.C., Griffiths H. (eds). BIOS Scientific Publishers Limited, Oxford: 253-264.
• Peterson C.A. 1989. Significance of exodermis in root function, w: Structural and functional aspects of transport in roots, (eds.) B.C. Loughman, O. Gasparicowa, J. Kolek., Kluver Ac., Pub., London: 35-40.
• Siddique K. H.M. Belford R.K. Tennant D. 1990. Roof.shoot ratios of old and modern tall and semi-dwarf wheats in mediterranean environament. Plant Soil 121: 89-98.
• Smucker A.J.M. 1984. Carbon utilization and losses by plant root system, w: Roots, nutrient and water influs and plant growth. SSSA-CSSA Madison WI: 13-18.
• Tardieu F. 1993. Will progresses in understanding soil-root relations and root signalling substantially alter water flux models? Phil. Trans. R. Soc., London: 39-46.
• Tardieu F., Katerji N. 1991. Plant response to soil water reserve: consequences of the root system environment. Irrigation Sci. 12: 145-152.
• Waisel Y., Eshel A., Kafkafi U. 1996. Plant roots. The hidden half. Second edition, revised and expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc.: 1120 ss.
• Yamauchi A. 1993. Significance of root system structure in relation to the stress tolerance in cereal crops, w: Low-input sustainable crop production system in Asia. K.J. Kim (red.). Korean Society of Crop Science, Seoul: 347-360.
• Yamauchi A., Kono Y., Tatsumi J. 1987a. Quantitative analysis on root system structures of upland rice and maize. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 56: 608-617.
• Yamauchi A., Kono Y., Tatsumi J. 1987b. Comparison of root system of 13 species of cereals. Jpn. J. Crop Sei. 56: 618-631.
• Yamauchi A., Pardales J.R., Kono Y. 1996. Root system structure and its relation to stress tolerance, w: Dynamics of root and nitrogen in cropping system of the semiarid tropics. O. Ito, C. Johansen, J.J. Adu-Gyamfu, K. Katayama, K.V.D.K. Kumar Rao, T.J. Rego (red.). Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences: 211-236.