Carbon allocation in seedlings of deciduous tree species depends on their shade tolerance

• Autorzy: Giertych M.J. , Karolewski P. , Oleksyn J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Carbon assimilated during photosynthesis is allocated to basic needs, such as growth, defense, and storage of nutrients. The aim of this study was to explore potential relationships between carbon allocation and light conditions during growth, including shade tolerance of species. We studied species that represent light-demanding (Sorbus aucuparia, Betula pendula), intermediate (Carpinus betulus, Quercus robur), and shade-tolerant (Acer platanoides, Fagus sylvatica) trees. We exposed seedlings to two light treatments (full sunlight and shade), and explored how these conditions affect plant growth and biomass allocation, as well as the levels of phenolic compounds, nonstructural carbohydrates, carbon, and nitrogen. We hypothesized that light-demanding species invest less carbon in chemical defenses against pathogens and/or herbivores compared to shade-tolerant species. On the other hand, light-demanding species showed the greater part of assimilated carbon allocate to growth processes. As a result, the stem diameter above the root collar, the mass of leaves, stems, coarse, and fine roots were larger under full-sunlight conditions in all species, except for greater height of A. platanoides and Q. robur under shade conditions. Leaves from full light were characterized by lower nitrogen content, higher carbon and phenolic contents, and a higher carbon/nitrogen ratio compared with leaves from seedlings grown in shade. In the case of shade-tolerant species, a trade-off mechanism can be proposed that such species restrict their usual allocation of carbon to defense and radial growth, while instead of investing it in increasing their heights and storage capacities. According to the light-demanding species, it was not possible to identify a trade-off mechanism and how carbon allocationis restricted upon exposure to shade conditions, except for the reduced allocation to the root mass.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: 37
• Numer: 10
• Opis fizyczny: Article: 216 [ 15 p.], fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Giertych M.J.

• Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kornik, Poland
• Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, 65-516 Zielona Gora, Poland

autor

Karolewski P.

• Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kornik, Poland

autor

Oleksyn J.

• Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kornik, Poland

Bibliografia

• Baraza E, Gomez J, Hodar J, Zamora R (2004) Herbivory has a greater impact in shade than in sun: response of Quercus pyrenaica seedlings to multifactorial environmental variation. Can J Bot 82:357–364
• Barton KE, Koricheva J (2010) The ontogeny of plant defense and herbivory: characterizing general patterns using meta-analysis. Am Nat 175:481–493
• Bennett RN, Wallsgrove RM (1994) Secondary metabolites in plant defence mechanisms. New Phytol 127:617–633
• Bloom AJ, Chapin FS, Mooney HA (1985) Resource limitation in plants—an economic analogy. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 16:363–392
• Bryant JP, Chapin FS, Klein DR (1983) Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivore. Oikos 40:357–368
• Close DC, McArthur C (2002) Rethinking the role of many plant phenolics—protection from photodamage not herbivores? Oikos 99:166–172
• Coley PD (1987) Interspecific variation in plant anti-herbivore properties: the role of habitat quality and rate of distribution. New Phytol 106:251–263
• Coley PD, Bryant JP, Chapin FS (1985) Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense. Science 230:895–899
• Dudt JF, Shure DJ (1994) The influence of light and nutrients on foliar phenolics and insect herbivory. Ecology 75:86–98
• Ellenberg H, Weber HE, Düll R, Wirth V, Werner W, Paulissen D (1991) Zeigerwerte von Pflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Scr Geobot 18:1–248
• Gaylord ML, Kolb TE, Wallin KF, Wagner MR (2007) Seasonal dynamics of tree growth, physiology, and resin defenses in a northern Arizona ponderosa pine forest. Can J For Res 37:1173–1183
• Giertych MJ, Karolewski P, Zytkowiak R, Oleksyn J (2006) Differences in defence strategies against herbivores between two pioneer tree species: Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. and Betula pendula Roth. Pol J Ecol 54:181–187
• Haissig BE, Dickson RE (1979) Starch measurement in plant tissue using enzymatic hydrolysis. Physiol Plant 47:151–157
• Hakulinen J, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Tahvanainen J (1995) Dose nitrogen fertilization have an impact on the trade-off between willow growth and defensive secondary metabolism? Trees Struct Funct 9:235–240
• Hallik L, Niinemets U, Wright IJ (2009) Are species shade and drought tolerance reflected in leaf-level structural and functional differentiation in Northern Hemisphere temperate woody flora? New Phytol 184:257–274
• Hansen J, Møller I (1975) Percolation of starch and soluble carbohydrates from plant tissue for quantitative determination with anthrone. Anal Biochem 68:87–94
• Haukioja E (2003) Putting the insect into the birch-insect interaction. Oecologia 136:161–168
• Heichel GH, Turner NC (1983) CO2 assimilation of primary and regrowth foliage of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.): response to defoliation. Oecologia 57:14–19
• Henriksson J, Haukioja E, Ossipov V, Ossipova S, Sillanpaa S, Kapari L, Pihlaja K (2003) Effects of host shading on consumption and growth of the geometrid Epirrita autumnata: interactive roles of water, primary and secondary compounds. Oikos 103:3–16
• Hoogesteger J, Karlsson PS (1992) Effects of defoliation on radial stem growth and photosynthesis in the mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa). Funct Ecol 6:317–323
• Imaji A, Seiwa K (2010) Carbon allocation to defense, storage, and growth in seedlings of two temperate broad-leaved tree species. Oecologia 162:273–281
• Johnson G, Schaal LA (1957) Accumulation of phenolic substances and ascorbic acids in potato tuber tissue upon injury and their possible role in disease and resistance. Am Potato J 34:200–202
• Kobe RK (1997) Carbohydrate allocation to storage as a basis of interspecific variation in sapling survivorship. Oikos 80:226–233
• Koricheva J (2002) Meta-analysis of sources of variation in fitness costs of plant antiherbivore defenses. Ecology 83:176–190
• Machado JL, Reich PB (2006) Dark respiration rate increases with plant size in saplings of three temperate tree species despite decreasing tissue nitrogen and nonstructural carbohydrates. Tree Physiol 26:915–923
• Madsen P, Hahn K (2008) Natural regeneration in a beech-dominated forest managed by close-to-nature principles —a gap cutting based experiment. Can J For Res 38:1716–1729
• McCarthy MC, Enquist BJ (2007) Consistency between an allometric approach and optimal partitioning theory in global patterns of plant biomass allocation. Funct Ecol 21:713–720
• Mooney EH, Tiedeken EJ, Muth NZ, Niesenbaum RA (2009) Differential induced response to generalist and specialist herbivores by Lindera benzoin (Lauraceae) in sun and shade. Oikos 118:1181–1189
• Niinemets Ü(1997) Role of foliar nitrogen in light harvesting and shade tolerance of four temperate deciduous woody species. Funct Ecol 11:518–531
• Niinemets Ü (1998) Growth of young trees of Acer platanoides and Quercus robur along a gap-understory continuum: interrelationships between allometry, biomass partitioning, nitrogen, and shade tolerance. Int J Plant Sci 159:318–330
• Niinemets Ü , Valladares F (2006) Tolerance to shade, drought, and waterlogging of temperate Northern Hemisphere trees and shrubs. Ecol Monogr 76:521–547
• Oleksyn J, Karolewski P, Giertych MJ, Z_ ytkowiak R, Reich PB, Tjoelker MG (1998) Primary and secondary host plants differ in photosynthetic response to herbivory: evidence from Alnus and Betula grazed by the alder beetle, Agelastica alni. New Phytol 140:239–249
• Paz H (2003) Root/shoot allocation and root architecture in seedlings: variation among forest sites, microhabitats, and ecological groups. Biotropica 35:318–332
• Piper FI, Reyes-Diaz M, Corcuera LJ, Lusk CH (2009) Carbohydrate storage, survival, and growth of two evergreen Nothofagus species in two contrasting light environments. Ecol Res 24:1233–1241
• Poorter H, Niklas KJ, Reich PB, Oleksyn J, Poot P, Mommer L (2012) Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control. New Phytol 193:30–50
• Riipi M, Ossipov V, Lempa K, Haukioja E, Koricheva J, Ossipova S, Pihlaja K (2002) Seasonal changes in birch leaf chemistry: are there trade-offs between leaf growth, and accumulation of phenolics? Oecologia 130:380–390
• Singleton VI, Rossi JA (1965) Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagent. Am J Enol Vitic 16:144–158
• Teskey RO, Shrestha RB (1985) A relationship between carbon dioxide photosynthetic efficiency and shade tolerance. Physiol Plant 63:126–132
• Thornley JH (1972) A balanced quantitative model for root: shoot ratios in vegetative plants. Ann Bot 36:431–441
• Valladares F, Niinemets U (2008) Shade tolerance, a key plant feature of complex nature and consequences. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 39:237–257
• Villar R, Robleto JR, De Jong Y, Poorter H (2006) Differences in construction costs and chemical composition between deciduous and evergreen woody species are small as compared to differences among families. Plant Cell Environ 29:1629–1643
• Villar-Salvador P, Planelles R, Enrı´quez E, Rubira JP (2004) Nursery cultivation regimes, plant functional attributes, and field performance relationships in the Mediterranean oak Quercus ilex L. For Ecol Manage 196:257–266
• Walters MB, Reich PB (1999) Low-light carbon balance and shade tolerance in the seedlings of woody plants: do winter deciduous and broad-leaved evergreen species differ? New Phytol 143:143–154
• Wright DM, Jordan GJ, Lee WG, Duncan RP, Forsyth DM, Coomes DA (2010) Do leaves of plants on phosphorus-impoverished soils contain high concentrations of phenolic defence compounds? Funct Ecol 24:52–61
• Zangerl AR, Bazzaz FA (1992) Theory and pattern in plant defense allocation. In: Fritz RS, Simms EL (eds) Plant resistance to herbivores and pathogens. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 363–391
• Zarzycki K (1984) Indicator values of vascular plants in Poland. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Kraków

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1007/s11738-015-1965-x