Early clinical predictors of diarrhea in the first fifteen days in dairy calves and their relationship with passive transfer status

• Autorzy: Topal O. , Batmaz H.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The neonatal period is very important in calves. It is extremely important to closely monitor newborn calves with good colostrum management during this period. In this study, the aim was to investigate whether the clinical parameters in the first 15 days after calves are born are correlated with diarrhea and whether those values are the early clinical predictors of the diarrhea that will occur in this period and also to investigate the correlation between diarrhea and the failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI). Eighty-two Holstein calves were used in the study. The calves were examined systemically every day and were scored according to a standard form. In the first 15 day period, 64.63% of the calves had diarrhea. In diarrheic calves, the most common findings on the previous day without diarrhea were fetid feces (43.40%), changes in the consistency and color of feces, and a decrease in the temperature of the ears (35.85%). According to non diarrheic calves, fetid feces (P < 0.01), changes in the consistency and color of feces, and nasal discharge were more common among diarrheic calves on the day before diarrhea (p < 0.001). The duration of diarrhea in calves with FTPI was longer than without FTPI. As a result, it is important for calves to be monitored daily in the first 15 days, looking for early signs of diarrhea in this period, namely fetid feces and changes in the consistency and the color of the feces. In addition, coexistence of any fecal changes with the decrease in the temperature of the ears may be clinical predictors of diarrhea. As a result of the daily monitoring of the calves, although the morbidity rate was high, none of the animals died.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Medycyna Weterynaryjna
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: 76
• Numer: 05
• Opis fizyczny: p.296-301,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Topal O.

• Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Gorukle 16059, Bursa, Turkey

autor

Batmaz H.

• Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Gorukle 16059, Bursa, Turkey

Bibliografia

• 1. Bartels C. J., Holzhauer M., Jorritsma R., Swart W. A., Lam T. J.: Prevalence, prediction and risk factors of enteropathogens in normal and non-normal faeces of young Dutch diary calves. Prev. Vet. Med. 2010, 93, 162-169.
• 2. Bartier A. L., Windeyer M. C., Doepel L.: Evaluation of on-farm tools for colostrum quality measurement. J. Dairy Sci. 2015, 98, 1878-1884.
• 3. Berge A. C., Besser T. E., Moore D. A., Sischo W. M.: Evaluation of the effects of oral colostrum supplementation during the first fourtheen days on the health and performance of preweaned calves. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92, 286-295.
• 4. Beule A. G.: Physiology and pathophysiology of respiratory mucosa of the nose and the paranasal sinuses. Laryngorhinootologie. 2010, 9, 15-34.
• 5. Bjimholt S., Muller K., Leiding C., Hoedemaker M., Bollwein H., Kaske M.: The daily clinical routine examination of dairy cows in the first two weeks after calving: Which parameters are decisive?. 8th ECBHM Symposium Proceeding, 28-30 August 2013, Bern. p. 125.
• 6. Charlton S. J.: Calf rearing guide. Context, Leicestershire. 2009, p. 100-124.
• 7. Chigerwe M., Hagey J. V., Aly S. S.: Determination of neonatal serum immunoglobulin G concentrations associated with mortality during the first 4 months of life in dairy heifer calves. J. Dairy Res. 2015, 82, 400-406.
• 8. Cramer M. C., Ollivett T. L., Stanton A. L.: Associations of behavior-based measurements and clinical disease in preweaned, group-housed dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 2016, 99, 7334-7443.
• 9. Elsohaby I., McClure J. T., Keefe G. P.: Evaluation of digital and optical refractometers for assessing failure of transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2015, 29, 721-726.
• 10. Filteau V., Bouchard E., Fecteau G., Dutil L., DuTremblay D.: Health status and risk factors associated with failure of passive transfer of immunity in newborn beef calves in Quebec. Can. Vet. J. 2003, 44, 907-913.
• 11. Furman-Fratczak K., Rzasa A., Stefaniak T.: The influence of colostral immunoglobulin concentration in heifer calves’ serum on their health and growth. J. Dairy Sci. 2011, 94, 5536-5543.
• 12. Godden S.: Colostrum management for dairy calves. Vet. Clin. N. Am-FoodA. 2008, 24, 19-39.
• 13. Gulliksen S. M., Jor E, Lie K. I., Hamnes I. S., Loken T., Akerstedt J., Osteras O.: Enteropathogens and risk factors for diarrhea in Norwegian dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92, 5057-5066.
• 14. Izzo M. M., Kirkland P. D., Mohler V. L., Perkins N. R., Gunn A. A., House J. K.: Prevalence major enteric pathogens in Australian dairy calves with diarrhoea. Aust. Vet. J. 2011, 89, 167-173.
• 15. Jezek J., Nemec M., Malovrht T., Klinkon M.: Indicators of passive immunity and health status of calves. Acta Vet-Beograd. 2010, 60, 513-523.
• 16. Leslie K.: Health and İmmun function in dairy calves. WCDS Adv. Dairy Technol. 2012, 24, 177-188.
• 17. Lorenz I., Earley B., Gilmore J., Hogan I., Kennedy E., More S. J.: Calf Health from birth to weaning III. housing and management of calf pneumonia. Ir. Vet. J. 2011, 64, 14.
• 18. Lorenz I., Fagan J., More S. J.: Calf health from birth to weaning. II. Management of diarrhoea in pre-weaned calves. Ir. Vet. J. 2011, 64, 9.
• 19. Lorenz I., Mee J. F., Earley B., More S. J.: Calf health from birth to weaning. I. General aspects of disease prevention. Ir. Vet. J. 2011, 64, 10.
• 20. Macfarlane J. A., Grove-White D. H., Royal M. D., Smith R. F.: Identification and quantification of factors affecting neonatal immunological transfer in dairy calves in the UK. Vet. Rec. 2015, 176, 625.
• 21. Mawly J. A., Grinberg A., Prattley D., Moffat J., Marshall J., French N.: Risk factors for neonatal calf diarrhoea and enteropathogen shedding in New Zealend dairy farms. Vet. J. 2015, 203, 155-260.
• 22. McGuirk S. M.: Disease management of dairy calves and heifers. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food A. 2008, 24, 139-153.
• 23. McGuirk S. M.: Management of dairy calves from birth to weaning, [in:] Risco C. A., Retemal P. M. (ed.): Dairy production medicine. Wiley-Blackwell, Iowa 2011, p. 175-194.
• 24. McGuirk S. M., Peek S. F.: Timely diagnosis of dairy calf respiratory disease usin a standardized scoring system. Anim. Health Res. Rev. 2014, 15, 145-147.
• 25. Meganck V., Hoflack G., Piepers S., Opsomer G.: Evaluation of a protocol to reduce the incidenceof neonatal calf diarrhoea on dairy herds. Prev. Vet. Med. 2015, 118, 64-70.
• 26. Osaka I., Matsui Y., Terada F.: Effect of mass of (Ig)G intake and ageat first colostrum feeding on serum IgG concentration in Holstein calves. J. Dairy Sci. 2014, 97, 6608-6612.
• 27. Parish S. M., Tyler J. W., Besser T. E., Gay C. C., Krytenberg D.: Prediction of serum Ig Gl concentration in holstein calves using serum gamma glutamyltransferase activity. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 1997, 11, 344-347.
• 28. Poulsen K. P., McGuirk S. M.: Respiratory disease of the bovine neonate. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food A. 2009, 25, 121-137.
• 29. Quigley J.: Passive immunity in newborn calves. Adv. Dairy Technol. 2002, 14, 273-292.
• 30. Torsein M., Lindberg A., Sandgren C. H., Waller K. P., Törnquist M., Svensson C.: Risk factors for calf mortality in large Swedish dairy herds. Prev. Vet. Med. 2011, 99, 136-147.
• 31. Uhde F. L., Kaufmann T., Sager H., Albini S., Zanoni R., Schelling E., Meylam M.: Prevalence of four enteropathogens in the faeces of young dairrhoeic dairy calves in Switzerland. Vet. Rec. 2008, 163, 362-366.
• 32. Villarroel A., Miller T. B., Johnson E. D., Noyes K. R., Ward J. K.: Factors affecting serum total protein and immunoglobulin G concentration in replacement dairy calves. J. Adv. Dairy Res. 2013, 1, 2.
• 33. Vogels Z., Chuck G. M., Marton J. M.: Failure of transfer of passive immunity and agammaglobulinaemia in calves in south-west Victorian dairy herds: prevalence and risk factors. Aust. Vet. J. 2013, 91,150-158.
• 34. Weaver D. M., Tyler J. W., Vanmetre D. C., Hostetler D. E., Barrington G. M.: Passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins in calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2000, 14, 569-577.
• 35. Windeyer M. C., Lesilie K. E., Godden S. M., Hodgins D. C., Lissemore K. D., LeBlanc S. J.: Factors associated with morbidity, mortality and growth of dairy heifer calves up to 3 months of age. Prev. Vet. Med. 2014, 113, 231-240.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.21521/mw.6399