Evaluation of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) seed germination in relation to seed health and seedling emergence

• Autorzy: Rosinska A. , Dorna H. , Szopinska D. , Irzykowska L. , Seidler-Lozykowska K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is an important medicinal plant. Achenes of milk thistle contain sylimarin, protecting liver cells against toxic compounds. The aim of the research was to find an optimum method of evaluation of milk thistle seed germination. Ten seed samples were tested. The seeds were germinated: on top of blotter paper, on top of blotter paper after seed disinfection, between pleated blotter paper, in rolled blotter paper and in sand. Germination at the first and final counts, the percentages of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds were determined. The correlation coefficients between seed germination, evaluated with various methods, and seedling emergence were calculated. Moreover, fungi associated with seeds and diseased seedlings were identified. The lowest percentage of normal seedlings was observed after germination on the top of blotter. Highly significant positive correlations were noted between seedling emergence and seed germination at the final count evaluated in rolled paper, between pleated paper and in sand. The fungi from genera:Alternaria, Fusarium, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Ulocladium and Verticillium were frequently identified on seeds and seedlings. Infestation with fungi significantly affected milk thistle seed germination and plant emergence. Germination in rolled blotter paper may be recommended for evaluation of milk thistle seed germination, as the most practical and significantly correlated with seedling emergence.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

medicinal plant; milk thistle; Silybum marianum; seed germination; seed health; seedling emergence

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Herba Polonica
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: 64
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.1-10,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Rosinska A.

• Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dabrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznan, Poland

autor

Dorna H.

• Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dabrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznan, Poland

autor

Szopinska D.

• Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dabrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznan, Poland

autor

Irzykowska L.

• Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dabrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznan, Poland

autor

Seidler-Lozykowska K.

• Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-630 Plewiska, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Morazzoni P, Bombardelli E. Silybum marianum (Carduus marianus). Fitoterapia 1995; 64:3-42.
• 2. Andrzejewska J, Martinelli T, Sadowska K. Silybum marianum: non-medical exploitation of the species. Ann Appl Biol 2015; 167:285-297. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/aab.12232
• 3. Seidler-Łożykowska K. Medicinal plant seeds as an element of increasing biodiversity of grassland. SALVARE – Regional workshop in Poland, Poznań University of Life Sciences 2009; 45-47.
• 4. ISTA. International Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland 2012.
• 5. Rosińska A, Jarosz M, Szopińska D, Dorna H, Tylkowska K. Comparison of methods for detecting fungi in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. seeds. Folia Hort 2013; 25(2):107-115. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2013-0012
• 6. Machowicz-Stefaniak Z, Zimowska B. Grzyby przenoszone przez materiał siewny roślin zielarskich [Fungi transmitted with seeds of herbal lants]. Acta Agrobot 2000; 52(2):25-38.
• 7. Malone JP, Muskett AE. Seed borne-fungi. Description of 77 fungus species. The Interna10 A. Rosińska, H. Dorna, D. Szopińska, L. Irzykowska, K. Seidler-Łożykowska tional Seed Testing Association, Zurych, Switzerland 1964.
• 8. Watanabe T. Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi morphologies of cultured fungi and key to species. CRC PRESS, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington 2002.
• 9. Mathur SB, Kongsdal O. Common laboratory seed health testing methods for detecting fungi. The International Seed Testing Association, Basserdorf, Switzerland 2003.
• 10. Kala R. Statystyka dla przyrodników. Wyd. AR, Poznań 2002.
• 11. Jalink H, van der Schoor R. Seed Calculator 2.1. License number: 100200122. 1999; Plant Research International. Wageningen, The Netherlands.
• 12. Mariappan N, Srimathi P, Sundaramoorthi L, Sudhakar K. Effect of growing media on seed germination and vigor in biofuel tree species. J For Res 2014; 25(4):909-913. doi: http://dx.doi. org/ 10.1007/s11676-014-0484-8
• 13. Bahar N. Effect of media on seed germination f Cupaniopsis anacardioides (A. Rich.) Radlk Ind J For 2008; 31(1):137-139.
• 14. Loubser WA, van den Venter HA. The optimal germination substratum for tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst. ex Farw.) seed testing. S Afr J Plant Soil 1990; 7(3):201-204. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1990.1063 4568
• 15. Ripka Z. New method for germination of Brassica spp. and Sinapsis alba seeds. Seed Testing International 2009; 137:35-37.
• 16. Ducournau S, Garreau P, LéchappéJ. Effect of temperature and growing media on sunflower germination. Seed Test Int 2008; 135:34-36.
• 17. Ducournau S, Garreau P, Léchappé J. Use of organic rowing media as a primary substrate for germination of Vicia faba seeds. Seed Test Int 2009; 137:37-39.
• 18. Cwalina-Ambroziak B, Wierzbowska J, Damszel M, Bowszys T. The effect of mineral fertilization on achenes yield and fungal communities isolated from the stems of milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner. Acta Sci Pol Hortorum Cultus 2012; 11(4):157-168.
• 19. Dorna H. Wybrane gatunki grzybów rodzaju Alternaria w nasionach marchwi – ich lokalizacja, toksynotwórczość, wpływ na wigor i kiełkowanie nasion oraz wschody [Selected species of genus Alternaria on carrot seeds– their location, toxigenicity, effect on seed vigour and germination and seedling emergence]. Wyd. AR-Poznań 2007.
• 20. Logrieco A, Morettic A, Solfrizzo M. Alternaria oxins and plant diseases: an overview of origin, occurrence and risks. World Mycotoxin J 2009; 2(2):129-140. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.3920/WMJ2009.1145
• 21. Bottalico A, Logrieco A. Alternaria plant diseases in Mediterranean countries and associated mycotoxins. In: Alternaria: biology, plant diseases and metabolites. J. Chełkowski, A. Visconti (eds.). Amsterdam 1992; 209-232.
• 22. Gannibal PB. Taxonomic studies of Alternaria from Russia: new species on Asteraceae. Mycotaxon 2010; 114:109-114.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/hepo-2018-0013