Miocene cyclopid copepod from a saline paleolake in Mojave, California

• Autorzy: Holynska M. , Leggitt L. , Kotov A.A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

There are remarkably few direct fossil records of Copepoda, which implies that current estimates of the lineage divergence times and inferences on the historical biogeography remain highly dubious for these small-sized crustaceans. The Cyclopidae, a predominantly freshwater copepod family with 1000+ species and distributed worldwide, has no fossil record at all. Recent collections from the middle Miocene Barstow Formation in Southern California resulted in ample material of finely preserved cyclopid fossils, including both adult and larval stages. To document the antennulary setation pattern in the adult and copepodid instars we used a coding system that is coherent between sexes and developmental stages. The majority of the cyclopid fossils, coming from saline lake environment, represent the modern genus Apocyclops, a euryhaline, thermophilic group occurring both in the New World and Old World. A new species Apocyclops californicus is described, based on the short medial spine and spiny ornamentation of the free segment of leg 5, spinule ornamentation of pediger 5, and well-developed protuberances of the intercoxal sclerite of leg 4. The presence of antennal allobasis and the features of the swimming legs unambiguously place the Miocene Apocyclops in the A. panamensis- clade, a predominantly amphi-Pacific group. The middle Miocene fossils with clear affinities to a subgroup of Apocyclops imply an early Miocene or Paleogene origin of the genus. Based on the geographic patterns of the species richness and morphology in Apocyclops and its presumed closest relative, genus Metacyclops, we hypothesize that: (i) the ancestor of Apocyclops, similar in morphology to some cave-dweller Metacyclops occurring today in the peri-Mediterranean region, might have arrived in North America from Europe via the Thulean North Atlantic bridge in the late Paleocene–early Eocene; (ii) Eocene termination of the Thulean land connection might have resulted in the divergence of Apocyclops from the Metacyclops stock.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Miocene; cyclopid copepod; copepod; Copepoda; Cyclopidae; ontogenesis; biogeography; Barstow Formation; saline lake; paleontology; Mojave Desert; California

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: 61
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.345-361,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Holynska M.

• Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Leggitt L.

• Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda CA 92350, USA

autor

Kotov A.A.

• A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
• Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, Kazan 420000, Russia

Bibliografia

• Adamowicz, S.J. and Purvis, A. 2006. From more to fewer? Testing an allegedly pervasive trend in the evolution of morphological structure. Evolution 60: 1402−1416.
• Arnofsky, P.L. 1996. A Systematic Evaluation of the Genus Apocyclops Lindberg, 1942 (Copepoda: Cyclopoida). 244 pp. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Northeastern University, Boston.
• Bayly, I.A.E. 1976. The plankton of Lake Eyre. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 27: 661−665.
• Belk, D. and Schram, F.R. 2001. A new species of Anostracan from the Miocene of California. Journal of Crustacean Biology 21: 49−55.
• Boonyanusith, C., Brancelj, A., and Sanoamuang, L. 2013. First representatives of the genus Fierscyclops Karanovic, 2004 (Copepoda, Cyclopidae) from South East Asia. Journal of Limnology 72 (Supplement 2): 275−289.
• Botelho, M.J.C. 2000. Revisão do Gênero Apocyclops Lindberg, 1942 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). 106 pp. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
• Brikiatis, L. 2014. The De Geer, Thulean, and Beringia routes: key concepts for understanding early Cenozoic biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 41: 1036−1054.
• Carrasco, N.K. and Perissinotto, R. 2012. Development of a halotolerant community in the St. Lucia Estuary (South Africa) during a hypersaline phase. PloS One 7 (1): e29927.
• Chullasorn, S., Kangtia, P., Pinkaew, K., and Ferrari, F.D. 2008. Apocyclops ramkhamhaengi sp. nov. (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) in a culture originating from brackish waters of Chang Island, Trat Province, Thailand. Zoological Studies 47: 326−337.
• Cressey, R. and Boxshall, G. 1989. Kabatarina pattersoni, a fossil parasitic copepod (Dichelesthiidae) from a Lower Cretaceous Fish. Micropaleontology 35: 150−167.
• Cressey, R. and Patterson, C. 1973. Fossil parasitic copepods from a Lower Cretaceous fish. Science 180: 1283−1285.
• Defaye, D. and Por, F.D. 2010. Metacyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopidae) from Ayyalon Cave, Israel. Crustaceana 83: 399−423.
• De Laurentiis, P., Pesce, G.L., and Humphreys, W.F. 2001. Copepods from ground waters of Western Australia, VI. Cyclopidae (Crustacea: Copepoda) from the Yilgarn Region and the Swan Coastal Plain. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 64: 115−131.
• Dexter, D.M. 1993. Salinity tolerance of the copepod Apocyclops dengizicus (Lepeschkin, 1900), a key food chain organism in the Salton Sea, California. Hydrobiologia 267: 203−209.
• Di Lorenzo, T. and Galassi, D.M.P. 2013. Agricultural impact on Mediterranean alluvial aquifers: do groundwater communities respond? Fundamental and Applied Limnology 182: 271−282.
• Dumont, H.J. 1973. On Metacyclops problematicus, spec. nov., a new freshwater cyclopoid copepod from Belgium, with a discussion of its taxonomic and ecological status. Zoologischer Anzeiger 191: 329−337.
• Dumont, H.J. and Maas, S. 1988. Copepods of the lagune Ebrié (Côte d’Ivoire). Revue d’Hydrobiologie tropicale 21: 3−7.
• Dussart, B. and Defaye, D. 2006. World Directory of Crustacea Copepoda of Inland Waters II—Cyclopiformes. 354 pp. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.
• El Shabrawy, G. 2013. Report on the training programme in crustacean systematics with specialization in Cyclopidae (Copepoda), 2012. Monoculus Copepod Newsletter 64: 5−7.
• El Shabrawy, G. and Belmonte, G. 2004. Abundance and affirmation of Paracartia latisetosa (Copepoda, Calanoida) in the inland lake Qarun Egypt. Thalassia Salentina 27: 151−160.
• Ezcurra, M.D. and Agnolín, F.L. 2012. A new global palaeobiogeographical model for the late Mesozoic and early Tertiary. Systematic Biology 61: 553−566.
• Fiers, F. 2001. Meridiecyclops, gen. nov., a new cyclopid genus (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopidae) from southern Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 15: 893−908.
• Fiers, F. 2012. The generic concept of Allocyclops Kiefer, 1932: (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) an alternative view. Journal of Natural History 46: 175−247.
• Gusakov, V.A. 2011. Contribution to the study of the northern limits of the range of Apocyclops dengizicus (Lepeschkin, 1900) (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). Inland Water Biology 4: 397−399.
• Hammer, U.T. 1986. Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World. 616 pp. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht.
• Harvey, T.H.P. and Pedder, B.E. 2013. Copepod mandible palynomorphs from the Nolichucky Shale (Cambrian, Tennessee): Implications for the taphonomy and recovery of small carbonaceous fossils. Palaios 28: 278−284.
• Harvey, T.H.P., Vélez, M.I., and Butterfield, N.J. 2012. Exceptionally preserved crustaceans from western Canada reveal a cryptic Cambrian radiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109: 1589−1594.
• Huys, R. and Boxshall, G.A. 1991. Copepod Evolution. 468 pp. The Ray Society, London.
• Iepure, S. and Meleg, J.N. 2011. Postnaupliar antennular development in the obligate subterranean Acanthocyclops kieferi (Chappuis, 1925) species-group (Kiefer, 1927) (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). In: D. Defaye, E. Suárez-Moráles, and J. von Vaupel Klein (eds.), Studies on Freshwater Copepoda: A Volume in Honour of Bernard Dussart. Crustaceana Monographs 16: 271−291.
• Karanovic, T. 1999. First record of Metacyclops stammeri Kiefer, 1938 from Balkan Peninsula. Spixiana 22: 193−198.
• Karanovic, T. 2004. Subterranean copepods (Crustacea, Copepoda) from arid Western Australia. Crustaceana Monographs 3: 1−366.
• Karanovic, T., Eberhard, S.M., and Murdoch, A. 2011. A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of Australian Metacyclops and Goniocyclops, with description of four new species and three new genera (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). Crustaceana 84: 1−67.
• Kiefer, F. 1938. Cyclopiden (Crust. Cop.) aus süditalienischen Brunnen und Höhlen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 123: 1−12.
• Kiefer, F. 1948. The Armstrong College Zoological Expedition to Siwa Oasis (Lybian Desert) 1935. Freilebende Ruderfuszkrebse (Crustacea Copepoda). Proceedings of the Egyptian Academy of Sciences 4: 62−112.
• Kiefer, F. 1956. Freilebende Ruderfusskrebse (Crustacea, Copepoda) I. Calanoida und Cyclopoida. Ergebnisse der Deutschen Limnologischen Venezuela-Expedition 1952 1: 233−268.
• Kiefer, F. 1978. Zur Kenntnis des Copepodenfauna ägyptischer Binnengewässer. Contribution to the knowledge of the copepods of the inland waters of Egypt. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 84: 480−499.
• Lim, R.P. and Fernando, C.H. 1985. A review of Malaysian freshwater Copepoda with notes on new records and little known species. Hydrobiologia 128: 71−89.
• Löffler, H. 1961. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Iranische Binnengewässer II. Regional-limnologische studie mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Crustaceenfauna. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie 46: 309−406.
• Menu Marque, S.A. 2001. Datos biogeográficos y nuevas localidades de copépodos de la familia Cyclopidae (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) de la Argentina. Physis (Buenos Aires) 58: 37−41.
• Mercado-Salas, N.F., Suárez-Morales, E., Maeda-Martínez, A.M., and Silva-Briano, M. 2013. A new species of Metacyclops Kiefer, 1927 (Copepoda, Cyclopidae, Cyclopinae) from the Chihuahuan desert, northern Mexico. ZooKeys 287: 1−18.
• Mirabdullayev, I.M. and Stuge, T.S. 1998. Redescription of Apocyclops dengizicus (Lepeschkin, 1900) from Central Asia. Spixiana 21: 173−178.
• Palmer, A.R. 1957. Miocene Arthropods from the Mojave Desert California. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 294-G: 237−280.
• Palmer, A.R. 1960. Miocene copepods from the Mojave desert, California. Journal of Paleontology 34: 447−452.
• Palmer, A.R. 1969. Copepoda. In: R.C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part R Arthropoda 4 (1), 200−203. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas, Boulder.
• Park, L.E. 1995. Geochemical and paleoenvironmental analysis of lacustrine arthropod-bearing concretions of the Barstow Formation, Southern California. Palaios 10: 44−57.
• Park, L.E. and Downing, K.F. 2001. Paleoecology of an exceptionally preserved arthropod fauna from lake deposits of the Miocene Barstow Formation, Southern California, U.S.A. Palaios 16: 175−184.
• Pesce, G.L. 1985. Cyclopids (Crustacea, Copepoda) from West Indian groundwater habitats. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 55: 295−323.
• Pinder, A.M., Halse, S.A., McRae, J.M., and Shiel, R.J. 2005. Occurrence of aquatic invertebrates of the wheatbelt region of Western Australia in relation to salinity. Hydrobiologia 543: 1−24.
• Rage, J.-C. 1997. Terrestrial Trans-Tethyan dispersals: an overview. Dansk Geologisk Forening Online Series 1 (available at http://2dgf.dk/publikationer/dgf_on_line/vol_1/rage.html)
• Reid, J.W., Hamilton, R., IV, and Duffield, R.M. 2002. First confirmed New World record of Apocyclops dengizicus (Lepeshkin), with a key to the species of Apocyclops in North America and the Caribbean region (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopidae). Jeffersoniana 10: 1−25.
• Rocha, C.E.F. 1994. New species of Metacyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopidae) from Brazil, with remarks on M. campestris. Zoologica Scripta 23: 133−146.
• Rogers, D.C. and Coronel, J.S. 2011. A redescription of Branchinecta pollicifera Harding, 1940, and its placement in a new genus (Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Branchinectidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 31: 717−724.
• Sanmartín, I., Enghoff, H., and Ronquist, F. 2001. Patterns of animal dispersal, vicariance and diversification in the Holarctic. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 73: 345−390.
• Schutze, M.L.M., da Rocha, C.E.F., and Boxshall, G.A. 2000. Antennulary development during the copepodid phase in the family Cyclopidae. Zoosystema 22: 749−806.
• Selden, P.A., Huys, R., Stephenson, M.H., Heward, A.P., and Taylor, P.N. 2010. Crustaceans from bitumen clast in Carboniferous glacial diamictite extend fossil record of copepods. Nature Communications 1 (50): 1−6.
• Smith, K. and Fernando, C.H. 1978. The freshwater calanoid and cyclopoid copepod Crustacea of Cuba. Canadian Journal of Zoology 56: 2015−2023.
• Tiffney, B.H. 1985. The Eocene North Atlantic land bridge: its importance in Tertiary and modern phytogeography of the Northern Hemisphere. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 66: 243−273.
• Timms, B.V. 1993. Saline lakes of the Paroo, inland New South Wales, Australia. Hydrobiologia 267: 269−289.
• Turki, S. and Turki, B. 2010. Copepoda and Branchiopoda from Tunisian temporary waters. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 2: 86−97.
• Valderhaug, V.A. and Kewalramani, H.G. 1979. Larval development of Apocyclops dengizicus Lepeshkin (Copepoda). Crustaceana 36: 1−8.
• Van Damme, K. and Sinev, A.Y. 2013. Tropical Amphi-Pacific disjunctions in the Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Journal of Limnology 72 (Supplement 2): 209−244.
• Wilkinson, I.P., Wilby, P.R., Williams, M., Siveter, D.J., Page, A.A., Leggitt, L., and Riley, D.A. 2010. Exceptionally preserved ostracodes from Middle Miocene paleolake, California, USA. Journal of the Geological Society 167: 817−825.
• Yeatman, H.C. 1983. Copepods from microhabitats in Fiji, Western Samoa, and Tonga. Micronesica Journal of the University of Guam 19: 57−90.
• Yoon, H.J. and Chang, C.Y. 2008. Two brackish cyclopoid copepods from southern coast of Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 24: 241−250.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.4202/app.00137.2014