Psychophysical motivational effects of music on competitive swimming

• Autorzy: Szczepan S. , Kulmatycki L.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Background: The aim of the study was to assess changes in motivation levels in the subjects who were provided with motivational music (independent variable). The additional aim was to establish differences between two study groups in terms of swimming effectiveness. Material/Methods: The employed research method relied on a laboratory experiment. The study included 8 subjects involved in swimming training. They were divided into two groups - control (C) and experimental (E) ones. The study consisted of three trials during which the subjects swam a distance of 50m front crawl with maximum velocity. In the first trial neither of the groups had an independent variable. In trials two and three group C swam the distance listening to white noise. Group E received motivational music of choice (independent variable). Before and after the trials the subjects’ motivation was assessed by means of the MOTO scale. Results: The motivation level assessed by means of the MOTO scale revealed no statistically significant differences in the groups. The Mann-Whitney U Test showed no statistically significant differences between the study groups in terms of their times over 50 m. Conclusions: Motivational music which the swimmers received when swimming had no impact on an increased level of the swimmers’ motivation and swimming effectiveness.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 04
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.197+204,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Szczepan S.

• Department of Swimming, University School of Physical Education, al.I.J. Paderewskiego 35 (Swimming pool), 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland

autor

Kulmatycki L.

• Department of Health Promotion and Relaxation Techniques, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Simon W. Abriss einer Geschichte der Musiktherapie [in German] [An Outline of the History of Music Therapy]. In: G. Harrer, ed. Grundlagen der Musiktherapie und Musikpsychologie. Stuttgart: Fischer; 1975, 135-142.
• 2. Karageorghis CI, Terry PC, Lane AM. Development and validation of an instrument to assess the motivational qualities of music in exercise and sport: The Brunel Music Rating Inventory. J Sport Sci 1999, 17:713-724.
• 3. Karageorghis CI, Jones J. Effects of synchronous and asynchronous music in cycle ergometry J Sport Sci 2000;18:16.
• 4. Hewston R, Lane AM, Karageorghis CI, Nevill AM. The effectiveness of music as a strategy to regulate mood. J Sport Sci 2005;22:181-182.
• 5. Tenenbaum G, Lidor R, Lavyan N, et al. The effect of music type on running perseverance and coping with effort sensations. Psychol Sport Exerc 2004;5:89-109.
• 6. Szabo A, Small A, Leigh M. The effects of slow- and fast-rhythm classical music on progressive cycling to voluntary physical exhaustion. J Sport Med Phys Fit 1999;39:220-225.
• 7. Tatarkiewicz W. Historia filozofii. Filozofia starożytna i średniowieczna [in Polish] [A History of Philoso- phy. Ancient and Medieval History]. vol. 1. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN; 2003, 65.
• 8. Maler T. Musik und Ekstate in einer ostafikanischen Medizinmann Praxis [in German] [Music and Ec- stasy in East African Medicine Man Practice]. In: Willms H, ed. Musik und Entspannung [Music and Re- laxation]. Stuttgart, New York: Fischer; 1977, 29-45.
• 9. Dotoit CL. Music Movement Therapy. London: The Dalcroze Society (Inc.); 1980, 46.
• 10. Jaques-Dalcroze E. Rhythm Music & Education. London: The Dalcroze Society (Inc).; 1980, 36, 64, 91.
• 11. Kronenberger M. Rytmika: rytm, ruch, muzyka, estetyka, kształcenie, wychowanie, profilaktyka, terapia, taniec, teatr [in Polish] [Eurhythmics: rhythm, movement, music, aesthetics, education, upbringing, pre- vention, therapy, dance, theatre]. Łódź: Global Enterprises; 2006, 77-82.
• 12. Janiszewski M. Muzykoterapia aktywna [in Polish] [Active Music Therapy]. Warszawa - Łódź: Akademia Muzyczna w Łodzi - PWN; 1993, 36.
• 13. Blair D, The Basis of Music Therapy. Br J Music Ther 1983;14(3):2-5.
• 14. Galińska E. Ocena niektórych aspektów efektywności metody portretu muzycznego na tle analogicznych metod psychoterapii nerwic [in Polish] [An assessment of selected aspects of the effectiveness of the musical portrait method in comparison with analogous methods used in psychotherapy of neuroses]. Psychoterapia 1994;(4):49-60.
• 15. Strzyżewski S. Proces kształcenia i wychowania w kulturze fizycznej [in Polish] [Education and Upbringing in Physical Culture]. Warszawa: WSiP; 1996.
• 16. Okoń K. Ruch w rytmie - twórcza metoda gimnastyki rytmicznej M i A Kniesów [in Polish] [Movement in Rhythm - M. and A. Kniees' Creative Method of Rhythmic Gymnastics]. Lider 2002;1:131.
• 17. Kubinowska D. Edukacja taneczna wg metody Labana [in Polish] [Dance education according to Laban’s method]. Kultura Fizyczna 1996;9-10: 29-32.
• 18. Olszewska I. Praca szkolna K. Orffa w zakresie wychowania przez ruch [in Polish] [C. Orff’s School Work and education through movement]. Kultura Fizyczna 1985; 7-8:13-16
• 19. Tomaszek-Plewa H. Rola muzyki w edukacji i wychowaniu. [in Polish] [The role of music in education and upbringing]. In: Ruch, Muzyka, Taniec. Wrocław; 2001,77-79.
• 20. Starosta W. Odświeżanie i budzenie wrażeń kinestetycznych - Nowa metoda doskonalenia techniki sportowej [in Polish] [Refreshment and arousal of kinaesthetic sensations - a new method of improving technique in sport]. Trening 1997;2:41-46.
• 21. Costa-Giomi E. The effects of three years of piano instruction on children’s cognitive development. Journal of Research in Music Education 1999; 47(3):198-212.
• 22. Pietschnig J, Voracek M, Formann A. Mozart effect-Shmozart effect: A meta-analysis. Intelligence 2010; 38(3):314-323.
• 23. Rauscher F, Shaw G, Ky C. Music and spatial task performance. Nature 1993;365:611-611.
• 24. Karageorghis CI, Terry PC. The magic of music in movement. Sport and Medicine Today 2001;5:38-41.
• 25. Ryguła I. Proces Badawczy w naukach o sporcie [in Polish] [Process Research in the science of sport]. Katowice: AWF, 2003.
• 26. Widerszal-Bazyl M. Kwestionariusz do mierzenia motywu osiągnięć [in Polish] [A questionnaire for measuring motivation behind achievements]. Przegląd Psychologiczny 1978;21:2.
• 27. Czajkowski Z. Motywacja w działalności sportowej [in Polish] [Motivation in Sport]. Katowice: Wojewódzka Federacja Sportu; 1987, 4.
• 28. Corder GW, Foreman DI, Nonparametric Statistics for Non-Statisticians: A Step-by-Step Approach. Wiley: Hoboken (NJ); 2009.
• 29. North AC, Hargreaves DJ. The musical milieu: Studies of listening in everyday life. The Psychologist 1997;10:309-312.
• 30. Rakowski M. Sportowy trening pływacki [in Polish] Competitive Swimming Training. London: M. Rakowski M; 2010, 28-29.
• 31. Szmedra L, Bacharach DW. Effect of music on perceived exertion, plasma lactate, norepinephrine and cardiovascular hemodynamics during treadmill running. Int J Sport Med 1998; 19:32-37.
• 32. Karageorghis CI, Jones L, Low D. Relationship between exercise heart rate and music tempo prefer- ence. Res Q Exerc Sport 2006;26:240-250.
• 33. Koudinov AR. Doping by the pool? The Doping Journal 2004;1(1).
• 34. Koudinov AR, Scientific evidence invalidates Beijing 2008 Olympic Swimming medals. The Doping Journal 2008;5(2).
• 35. Williams M. Granice wspomagania [in Polish] [The limits of enhancement]. Kraków; MedicinaSpor- tiva; 1999, 9.
• 36. Chou LL, Wang RH, Chen SJ, Pai L. Effects of music therapy on oxygen saturation in premature infants receiving endotracheal suctioning. J Nurs Res 2003;11(3):209-16.
• 37. The World Anti-Doping code, the 2011 prohibited list international standard, 2011: 6. [on-line at http://www.wada-ama.org/] [accessed March 2012]
• 38. http://www.fina.org/ FINA Rules 2009 - 2013, point SW 10.8, 10.16. 2009 - 2013, 19-20.
• 39. Pujol TJ, Langenfeld ME. Influence of music on Wingate anaerobic test performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1999;88:292-296.
• 40. Simpson SD, Karageorghis CI. The effects of synchronous music on 400-m sprint performance. J Sport Sci 2006;24(10):1095-1102.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/v10131-012-0021-0