Calculating environmental background value: a comparative study of statistical versus spatial analyses

• Autorzy: Linhua S.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Local environmental background is important for environmental management. In this study, lead concentrations of shallow groundwater samples from the urban area of Suzhou in Anhui Province, China were measured and analyzed by statistical and spatial analyses for calculating the environmental background value. The results show that the lead concentrations in the groundwater range from 4.16-11.5 µg/L, and all of the samples were classified to be Class III or better according to the groundwater quality standard of China. The samples have medium coefficient of variation and low p-values of normal distribution test, suggesting that it may have been influenced by anthropogenic activities, which was further demonstrated by the consistency of the distribution of the samples with high lead concentrations and the areas with high density of transportation, as well as the high-low cluster of the spatial autocorrelation analysis. The environmental background values have been calculated to be 3.74-8.62 and 3.48-10.3 μg/L with box plot and spatial autocorrelation analyses, respectively. The study demonstrated that for calculating the environmental background value, the statistical and spatial methods should be chosen according to the current state – especially pre-consideration about the distribution of the elements or pollutants.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: 28
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.197-203,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Linhua S.

• School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Anhui, China
• National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Control, Anhui, China

Bibliografia

• 1. AGARWAL S.K. Heavy metal pollution. APH publishing, 2009.
• 2. BAIRD C., CANN M. Environmental chemistry. Macmillan Higher Education, 2012.
• 3. SUN N.Z., SUN A. Mathematical modeling of groundwater pollution. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
• 4. ACHPARAKI M., THESSALONIKEOS E., TSOUKALI H., MASTROGIANNI O., ZAGGELIDOU E., CHATZINIKOLAOU F., RAIKOS N. Heavy metals toxicity. Aristotle University Medical Journal, 39 (1), 29, 2012.
• 5. MUHAMMAD S., SHAH M.T., KHAN S. Health risk assessment of heavy metals and their source apportionment in drinking water of Kohistan region, northern Pakistan. Microchemical Journal, 98 (2), 334, 2011.
• 6. MOMODU M.A., ANYAKORA C.A. Heavy metal contamination of groundwater: the Surulere case study. Research Journal of Environmental Earth Sciences, 2 (1), 39, 2010.
• 7. ZHANG X., WANG H., HE L., LU K., SARMAH A., LI J., HUANG H. Using biochar for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20 (12), 8472, 2013.
• 8. HASHIM M.A., MUKHOPADHYAY S., SAHU J.N., SENGUPTA B. Remediation technologies for heavy metal contaminated groundwater. Journal of Environmental Management, 92 (10), 2355, 2011.
• 9. SIRAJUDEEN J., VAHITH A.R. Applications of water quality index for groundwater quality assessment on Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry, India. Journal of Environmental Research and Development, 8 (3), 443, 2014.
• 10. LONGE E.O., BALOGUN M.R. Groundwater quality assessment near a municipal landfill, Lagos, Nigeria. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2 (1), 39, 2010.
• 11. ZHANG B., SONG X., ZHANG Y., HAN D., TANG C., YU Y., MA Y. Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment of surface water and groundwater in Songnen plain, Northeast China. Water Research, 46 (8), 2737, 2012.
• 12. SUN L., GUI H., PENG W. Heavy metals in groundwater from the Wolonghu coal mine, northern Anhui Province, China and their hydrological implications. Water Practice and Technology, 9 (1), 79, 2014.
• 13. LIU Q., LIANG H. The application of electrometric method and numerical simulation to evaluate groundwater resources in the Suzhou city, Anhui province. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 11 (5), 688, 2014.
• 14. LIN M.L., PENG W.H. Concentrations and health risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater in rural areas of Suzhou City. Water Resources Protection, 32 (6), 114, 2016.
• 15. YU B., ZHI Y.H. Analysis on the outcomes of drinking water monitoring in urban areas in Suzhou of Anhui province from 2015 to 2016. Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, 15 (2), 102, 2017.
• 16. REIMANN C., FILZMOSER P., GARRETT R.G. Background and threshold: critical comparison of methods of determination. Science of the Total Environment, 346 (1), 1, 2005.
• 17. REIMANN C., GARRETT R.G. Geochemical background-concept and reality. Science of the Total Environment, 350 (1), 12, 2005.
• 18. GAŁUSZKA A., MIGASZEWSKI Z. Geochemical background-an environmental perspective. Mineralogia, 42 (1), 7, 2011.
• 19. JIANG J., WANG J., LIu S., LIN C., HE M., LIU X. Background, baseline, normalization, and contamination of heavy metals in the Liao River Watershed sediments of China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 73, 87, 2013.
• 20. GUILLÉN M.T., DELGADO J., ALBANESE S., NIETO J.M., LIMA A., DE VIVO B. Environmental geochemical mapping of Huelva municipality soils (SW Spain) as a tool to determine background and baseline values. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 109 (1), 59, 2011.
• 21. PANNO S.V., KELLY W.R., MARTINSEK A.T., HACKLEY K.C. Estimating background and threshold nitrate concentrations using probability graphs. Ground Water, 44 (5), 697, 2006.
• 22. REIMANN C., FILZMOSER P. Normal and lognormal data distribution in geochemistry: death of a myth. Consequences for the statistical treatment of geochemical and environmental data. Environmental Geology, 39 (9), 1001, 2000.
• 23. ANSELIN L. Local indicators of spatial association-LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27 (2), 93, 1995.
• 24. SARKAR D., DATTA R., HANNIGAN R. Concepts and applications in environmental geochemistry (Vol. 5). Elsevier, 2011.
• 25. SUN L.H., CHENG B.X., CHEN S.H. Trace metal concentrations in the river water near the urban area: a case study in Suzhou, northern Anhui province, China. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26 (6), 4017, 2017.
• 26. ROHDE R.A., MULLER R.A. Air pollution in China: mapping of concentrations and sources. PloS one, 10 (8), e0135749, 2015.
• 27. TANG R., MA K., ZHANG Y., MAO Q. The spatial characteristics and pollution levels of metals in urban street dust of Beijing, China. Applied Geochemistry, 35, 88, 2013.
• 28. MAAS S., SCHEIFLER R., BENSLAMA M., CRINI N., LUCOT E., BRAHMIA Z., GIRAUDOUX P. Spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations in urban, suburban and agricultural soils in a Mediterranean city of Algeria. Environmental Pollution, 158 (6), 2294, 2010.
• 29. LI W., XU B., SONG Q., LIU X., XU J., BROOKES P.C. The identification of ‘hotspots’ of heavy metal pollution in soil-rice systems at a regional scale in eastern China. Science of the Total Environment, 472, 407, 2014.
• 30. NAKIĆ Z., POSAVEC K., BAČANI A. A visual basic spreadsheet macro for geochemical background analysis. Ground Water, 45 (5), 642, 2007.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.15244/pjoes/84837