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1998 | 456 |

Tytuł artykułu

Działalność rolnicza a gazowe zanieczyszczenia powietrza jako źródła zakwaszania gleb

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EN
Agricultural activities and gaseous atmosferpheric pollution as a source of soil acidification

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PL

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EN
Ammonia emission from agricultural production becomes now recognized as a main source of environmental acidification. In the atmosphere ammonia neutralizes either nitric and sulfuric acids forming ammonia aerosols. However, after precipitation to ecosystems, ammonia ion is oxidized to nitric acid and two protons are released. The increase of world population and demand for foodstuff will result in expansion of ammonia emission particularly in Asia. In Poland, ammonia contribute to about 30% emission of acidifying gases. Until now, the ammonia emission is not accepted as the risk to the environment in Poland, and so far, no actions were under taken to prevent this emission.

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456

Opis fizyczny

s.41-54,rys.,tab.,bibliogr.

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autor
autor

Bibliografia

  • 1. Agree C. 1996. Hit by airborne nitrogen. Acid News. 4, 13 - 14.
  • 2. Agree C., Elvingson P. 1997. Still with us - Although the pace may have slackened, acidification is still going. Göteborg: The Swedish NGO Secretariat on Acid Rain, 1 - 44.
  • 3. Asman W. A. H., Jaarveld H. A. 1992. Ammonia emission for use in atmospheric transport model, [w:] Ammonia emissions in Europe: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a workshop held 4-6 February at HASA, Laxenburg, Austria. CP-92-04 September 1992, 3 - 16.
  • 4. Cowling E. 1995. Acidification research: Lessons from history and visions of environmental futures. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 85, 279 - 292.
  • 5. ECETOC, 1994. Ammonia emissions to air in Western Europe. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals. Technical Report No. 62, July 1994.
  • 6. Elvingson P. 1996. The latest monitoring figures. Acid News, 5, 14 - 15.
  • 7. Elvingson P. 1997. Polish emissions - Explaininga decline. Acid News, 2, 1 - 4.
  • 8. Galloway J. N. 1995. Acid deposition: perspective in time and space. Water. Air. and Soil Pollution, 85, 1, 15 - 24.
  • 9. Galloway J. N. 1996. Anthropogenic mobilization of sulphur and nitrogen: Immediate and delayed consequences. Ann. Rev. Energy Environ., 21, 261 - 292.
  • 10. Graedel T. E. Keene W. C. 1996. The budget and cycle of Earth's natural chlorine. Pure & Appl Chem., 68, 9, 1689 - 1697.
  • 11. GUS. Ochrona środowiska 1996. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystycznny, 1996.
  • 12. Hara H. 1997. Acid deposition chemistry in Asia, Europe, and North America. [w:] Proceedings of the International Workshop on Unification of Monitoring Protocol of Acid Deposition and Standardization of Emission Inventory. Tsukuba, Japan: The National Institute for Environmental Studies, 47 - 52.
  • 13. Hicks B. B., Baldocchi D., Matt D., Hosker R. 1987: A preliminary multiple resistance routine for deriving dry deposition velocities from measured quantities. Water. Air, and Soil Pollution. 36, 311 - 330.
  • 14. Hicks B. B. 1995. On the status of acid deposition research in North America, [w:] The acid precipitation measures regional exchange conference in East Asia. Kobe, Japan, 15 February 1995: AMREC, 25 - 39.
  • 15. Klaassen G., 1992: Emissions of ammonia in Europe as incorporated in RAINS. [w:] Ammonia emissions in Europe: Emission coefficients and abatement costs. Proceedings of a workshop held 4-6 February at IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria. CP-92-04 September 1992, 25 - 48.
  • 16. Murano K. 1996. Contribution of transboundary air pollution from Asian continent with isotope ratio determination and compilation of deposition map of acidic compounds. Ibaraki, 305 Japan: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Environment Agency. Final Report. C-1.1.1.
  • 17. Murano K. 1997. Acid deposition monitoring network in Japan - History and outcome, [w:] Proceedings of the International Workshop on Unification of Monitoring Protocol of Acid Deposition and Standardization of Emission Inventory. Murano K. edit. Tsukuba, Japan: The National Institute for Environmental Studies. 47 - 52.
  • 18. Pacyna J. M. Graedel T. E. 1995. Atmospheric emissions inventories: Status and prospects. Ann. Rev. Energy Environ. 20, 265 - 300.
  • 19. Przeglądy Ekologiczne, Polska, OECD, Paris, 1995, 1 - 194.
  • 20. Raport rządowy na I Konferencję stron Ramowej Konwencji Narodów Zjednoczonych w sprawie zmian klimatu. Rzeczpospolita Polska, Warszawa 1994, 1 - 64.
  • 21. Rodhe H., Langner L., Gallardo L., Kjellstrom E. 1995. Global scale transport of acidying pollutants. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 85, 37 - 50.
  • 22. Sapek A 1995. Emisja amoniaku z produkcji rolnej. Post. Nauk Rol, 2/95, 3 - 23.
  • 23. Sapek A. 1996. Ammonia emission and ammonia in precipitation in Poland. Proceedings of 9th Nitrogen Workshop, Braunschweig, September, 1996. 551 - 554.
  • 24. Sapek A 1996. Emisja amoniaku z rolnictwa i jego zawartość w opadzie atmosferycznym, [w:] Technika i technologia w ochronie środowiska. I Forum Inżynierii Środowiska. Lublin-Nałęczów 1996, 279 - 282.
  • 25. Schlesinger W. H., Hartly A. E. 1992. A global budget for atmospheric NH₃. Biogeochem, 15, 191 - 211.
  • 26. Tamaki M. 1995. Studies on acid precipitation in Hyogo Prefecture, [w:] The acid precipitation measures regional exchange conference in East Asia. Kobe, Japan, 15 February 1995, AMREC, 73 - 97.
  • 27. Wang W., Xu K., Pang Y., Lu Y. 1997. Estimation of ammonia emission in China, [w:] Proceedings of the International Workshop on Unification of Monitoring Protocol of Acid Deposition and Standardization of Emission Inventory. Tsukuba, Japan: The National Institute for Environmental Studies, 134 - 144.
  • 28. Wild A 1993. Soil and the environment: An introduction. Cambridge University Press.

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Bibliografia

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