The effect of neighbouring plant height, disturbance level and gap size on spontaneous recruitment of large-seeded and small-seeded species in Molinietum caeruleae meadows

• Autorzy: Kostrakiewicz-Gieralt K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The seed size is considered as a key feature, which effects both: colonizing and competitive abilities of species. The disturbance dependent small-seeded taxa are regarded as superior colonists, whereas the large-seeded taxa are considered as best competitors able to survive the competition from adjacent plants and negative effect of litter. The impact of character of standing vegetation, disturbance level and size of gaps on spontaneous recruitment of seedlings of selected light-seeded species (Gentiana pneumonanthe L., Dianthus superbus L.) and heavy-seeded taxa (Serratula tinctoria L., Gladiolus imbricatus L.) were conducted. The investigations were carried out in two areas (A and B). Both of them were consisted of three adjacent patches of Molinietum caeruleae: dominated by small meadow species (labeled MC), prevailed by large-tussocks grasses (labeled GR), and overgrown by willows (labeled SA). In the year 2007, in all patches, ten permanent experimental plots were randomly arranged. In Area A, plots were divided in four square-shaped, neighboring subplots subjected to: no treatment; the removal of litter and moss layers; the removal of litter, bryophytes, and above-ground parts of plants; the removal of litter, moss and the plants, as well as top soil stripping. In the Area B, plots were divided into four subplots measuring from 0.16 m2 to 0.01 m2. In each of them the litter and above-ground part of plant biomass were clipped and removed. The recruitment of seedlings was monitored from 2007 through 2010. In both studied areas, regardless of seed mass, the greatest abundance of seedlings were found in patches MC, and decreased gradually in sites GR and SA. Irrespective of seed size, in subplots where plant cover and litter stayed intact no new genets was noted, moderate appearance of seedlings was observed in subplots without plant necromass, whereas the greatest number of generative progeny was found in subplots without necromass and aboveground parts of plants. The lower abundance of seedlings in subplots without litter, plants and topsoil might have been caused by depletion of seed bank reserves. Moreover, in all patches the number of seedlings of small- and large-seeded taxa increased significantly with augmentation of gap size. In light of performed studies it might be concluded, that the disturbances might play very important role in active protection of studied taxa. The positive impact of disruption diminishes with increasing of plant canopy height. The removal of plant cover and litter contributes to the greatest seedling recruitment but its beneficial effect diminishes with decreasing of opening size.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

abandoned meadow; active protection; plant height; disturbance; Molinietum caeruleae; Gentiana pneumonanthe; Dianthus superbus; Serratula tinctoria; Gladiolus imbricatus

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 62
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.289-306,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Kostrakiewicz-Gieralt K.

• Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Lubicz str. 46, 31-512 Krakow, Poland

Bibliografia

• Alvarez-Buylla E.R., Martinez-Ramos M. 1990 – Seed bank versus seed rain in the regeneration of a tropical pioneer tree – Oecologia, 84: 314–325.
• Bakker J.P., Poschlod P., Strykstra R.J., Bekker R.M., Thompson K. 1996 – Seed banks and seed dispersal: Important topics in restoration ecology – Acta Bot. Neerl. 45: 461–490.
• Bekker R.M., Bakker J.P., Grandin U., Kalamees R., Milberg P., Poschlod P., Thompson K., Willems J.H. 1998 – Seed size, shape and vertical distribution in the soil: indicators of seed longevity – Funct. Ecol. 12: 834–842.
• Bischoff A. 2002 – Dispersal and establishment of floodplain grassland species as limiting factors in restoration – Biol. Conserv. 104: 25–33.
• Bruun H.H., Ten Brink D-J. 2008 – Recruitment advantage of large seeds is greater in shaded habitats – Ecoscience, 15: 498–507.
• Bu H., Chen X., Xu X., Liu K., Jia P., Du G. 2007 – Seed mass and germination in an alpine meadow on the eastern Tsinghai-Tibet plateau – Plant Ecol. 191: 127–149.
• Bullock J.M. 2000 – Gaps and seedling colonization. (In: Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities, Ed: M. Fenner) – CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp. 375–95.
• Burke M.J.W., Grime J.P. 1996 – An experimental study of plant community invasibility – Ecology, 77: 776–790.
• Cerabolini B., Ceriani R.M., Caccianiga M., De Andreis R., Raimondi B. 2003 – Seed size, shape and persistence in soil: a test on Italian flora from Alps to Mediterranean coasts – Seed Sci. Res. 13: 75–85.
• Cheffings Ch.M., Farrell L. 2005 – The Vascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain. Species Status – Joint Nature Conservation Commitee Petrborough, 166 pp.
• Colling G. 2005 – Red List of Vascular Plants of Luxembourg. Ferrantia. – Trav. Scientif. Mus. Hist. Nat. Lux. 42: 1–77.
• Conti F., Manzi A., Pedrotti F. 1997 – Libro rosso regionali delle piante d’Italia – WWF, Assocazione Italiana per In World Wildlife Fund in collaborazione con la Societá Botanica Italiana, Camerino, 139 pp.
• Curtis T.G.F., McGough H.N. 1988 – The Irish Red Data Book. 1 Vascular Plants – Wildlife Service Ireland, Dublin 169 pp.
• Denslow J.S. 1987 – Tropical rainforest gaps and tree species diversity – Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 18:431-451.
• Dubiel E. 1991 – Map of actual vegetation of the city of Cracow – Zesz. Nauk. UJ. Prace Botaniczne, 22: 121–133.
• Dubiel E. 1996 – Łąki Krakowa. I Klasa Molinio-Arrhenatherea – Studia Ośrodka Dokumentacji Fizjograficznej [Meadows in Cracow. Part I: Molinio-Arrhenatherea class], 24: 145–171.
• Ellison A.M., Denslow J.S., Loiselle B.A., Brenés M.D. 1993 – Seed and seedling ecology of neotropical Melastomaceae – Ecology, 74: 1733-1749.
• Eriksson A., Eriksson O. 1997 – Seedling recruitment in semi-natural pastures: the effects of disturbances, seed size, phenology and seed bank – Nordic J. Botany 17: 469-482.
• Eriksson O., Jakobsson A. 1998 – Abundance, distribution and life histories of grassland plants: a comparative study of 81 species – J. Ecol. 86 922–933.
• Foster S.A., Janson C.H. 1985 – The relationship between seed size and establishment conditions on tropical woody plants – Ecology, 66: 773–780.
• Grime J.P., Jeffrey D.W. 1965 – Seedling establishment in vertical gradients of sunlight – J. Ecol. 53: 621–642.
• Holub J., Procházka F. 2000 – Red list of the flora of the Czech Republic (state in the year 2000) – Preslia Praha, 72: 187–230.
• Hölzel N., Otte A. 2003 – Restoration of a species-rich flood meadow by topsoil removal and diaspore transfer with plant material – Appl. Veg. Sci. 6: 131–144.
• Ingelög T., Andersson R., Tjenberg M. 1993 – Red Data Book of The Baltic Region. Part 1 Lists of threatened vascular plants and vertebrates – Swedish Threatened Species Unit, Uppsala, Institute of Biology, Riga 95 pp.
• Jakobsson A., Eriksson O. 2000 – A comparative study of seed number, seed size, seedling size and recruitment in grassland plants – Oikos, 88: 494–502.
• Jankowska-Błaszczuk M., Daws M.I. 2007 – Impact of red: far red ratios on germination of temperate forest herbs in relation to shade tolerance, seed mass and persistence in the soil – Funct. Ecol. 21: 1055–1062.
• Kahmen S., Poschlod P. 2008a – Does germination success differ with respect to seed mass and germination season? Experimental testing of plant functional trait responses to grassland management – Ann. Bot. 101: 541–548.
• Kahmen S., Poschlod P. 2008b – Effects of grassland management on plant functional trait composition – Agr. Ecosys. Environ. 128: 137–145.
• Kern Ch.C., Montgomery R.A., Peter B., Reich P.B., Strong T.F. 2013 – Canopy gap size influences niche partitioning of the ground-layer plant community in a northern temperate forest – J. Plant Ecol. 6: 101–112.
• Korneck D., Schnittler M., Vollmer I. 1996 – Rote Liste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen (Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta) Deutschlands (In: Rote Liste gefährdeter Pflanzen Deutschlands, Eds: G. Ludwig, M. Schnittler) - Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde 28, Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Bonn- Bad Godesberg, pp. 21-187.
• Kostrakiewicz K. 2010 – The effect of gaps on seedlings recruitment of threatened species in Molinietum caeruleae W.Koch 1926 – Chrońmy Przyr. Ojcz. 66: 184–189 (in Polish, English summary).
• Kostrakiewicz K. 2011 – The effect of gaps size on colonization process in Molinietum caeruleae meadows with different habitat conditions – Pol. J. Ecol. 59: 677–686.
• Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt K. 2012 – The impact of neighbourhood and gap character on seedling recruitment of Trollius europaeus L. and Iris sibirica L. in Molinietum caeruleae meadows – Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 28: 37–44.
• Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt K. 2013 – The impact of disturbance severity on recruitment of clonal plant species in Molinietum caeruleae meadows – Pol. J. Ecol. 61: 519–533.
• Kotiranta H., Uotila P., Sulkava S., Peltonen S.L. 1998 – Red Data Book of East Fennoscandia – Ministry of the Environment, Finnish Environment Institute & Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, 351 pp.
• Kotorová I, Lepš J. 1999 – Comparative ecology of seedling recruitment in an oligotrophic wet meadow – J. Veg. Sci. 10: 175–186.
• Křenová Z., Lepš J. 1996 – Regeneration of a Gentiana pneumonanthe population in an oligotrophic wet meadow – J. Veg. Sci. 7: 107– 112.
• Kubikova P., Zeidler M. 2011 – Habitat demands and population characteristics of the rare plant species Gladiolus imbricatus L. in the Frenštát region (NE Moravia, the Czech Republik) – Čas. Slez. Muz. Opava, 60: 154– 164.
• Leishman M.R. 2001 – Does the seed size/ number trade-off model determine plant community structure? An assessment of the model mechanisms and their generality – Oikos, 93: 294–302.
• Leishman M.R., Westoby M. 1994 – The role of large seed size in shaded conditions: experimental evidence – Funt. Ecol. 8: 205–214.
• Loydi A., Eckstein R.L., Otte A., Donath T.W. 2013 – Effects of litter on seedling establishment in natural and semi-natural grasslands: A meta-analysis – J. Ecol. 101: 454–464.
• Lönnberg K., Eriksson K. 2012 – Seed size and recruitment patterns in a gradient from grassland to forest – Ecoscience, 19: 140–147.
• Lönnberg K., Eriksson O. 2013 – Relationships between intra-specific variation in seed size and recruitment in four species in two contrasting habitats – Plant. Biol. 15: 601–606.
• Matuszkiewicz W. 2012 – Przewodnik do oznaczania zbiorowisk roślinnych Polski [A guide to plant communities of Poland] – PWN Warszawa, 540 pp. (in Polish).
• McConnaughay K.D.M., Bazzaz F.A. 1987 – The relationship between gap size and performance of several colonizing annuals – Ecology, 68: 411–416.
• Meusel H., Jäger E., Weinert E. 1965 – Vergleichende Chorologie der Zentraleuropäischen Flora. Bd.I – Gustav Fisher, Jena, 583 pp, karten 258.
• Milberg P., Andersson L., Thompson K. 2000 – Large-seeded species are less dependent on light for germination than small-seeded ones – Seed Sci. Res. 10: 99–104.
• Miles J. 1974 – Effects of experimental interference with stand structure on establishment of seedlings in Callunetum – J. Ecol. 62: 657–687.
• Moles A., Westoby M. 2004 – Seedling survival and seed size: a synthesis of the literature – J. Ecol. 92: 372–383.
• Moles A., Westoby M. 2006 – Seed size and plant strategy across the whole life cycle – Oikos, 113: 91–105.
• Moser D.M., Gygax A., Bäumler B., Wyler N., Palese R. 2002 – Rote Liste der gefährdeten Farn- und Blütenpflanzen der Schweiz-Hrsg. Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft, Bern, Zentrum des Datenverbundnetzes der Schweizer Flora, Chambésy, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Chambésy – BUWAL-Reihe „Vollzug Umwelt“, 118 pp.
• Niklfeld H., Schratt-Ehrendorfer L. 1999 – Rote Liste gefährdeter Farn- und Blütenpflanzen (Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) Österreichs. 2 Fassung, (In: Rote Listen Gefährdeter Pflanzen Grüne Österreichs, Ed: H. Niklfeld) – Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Jugend und Familie, Vien, pp. 33–151.
• Pearson T.R.H., Burslem D.F.R.P., Mullins C.E., Dalling J.W. 2002 – Germination ecology of neotropical pioneers: interacting effects of environmental conditions and seed size – Ecology, 83: 2798–2807.
• Poshold P., Biewer H. 2005 – Diaspore and gap availability are limiting species richness in wet meadows – Folia Geobot. 40: 13–34. 303
• Procházka F. 2001 – Černý a červený seznam cévnatých rostlin Českérepubliky (stav v roce 2000). – Příroda Praha, 18: 1–166.
• Reader R.J. 1993 – Control of seedling emergence by ground cover and seed predation in relation to seed size for some old-field species – J. Ecol. 81: 169–175.
• Ryser P. 1993 – Influences of neighbouring plants on seedling establishment in limestone grassland – J. Veg. Sci. 4: 195–202.
• Sapkota I.P., Odén P.Ch. 2009 – Gap characteristics and their effects on regeneration, dominance and early growth of woody species – J. Plant Ecol. 2: 21–29.
• Seiwa K., Kikuzawa K. 1996 – Importance of seed size for the establishment of seedlings of five deciduous broad-leaved tree species – Vegetatio, 123: 51–64.
• Simmonds N.W. 1946 – Biological flora of the British Isles, Gentiana pneumonanthe L. – J. Ecol. 33: 295–307.
• Špačkova I, Kotorová I., Lepš J. 1998 – Sensivity of seedling recruitment to moss, litter and dominant removal in an oligotrophic wet meadow – Folia Geobot. 33: 17–30.
• Stammel B., Kiehl K., Pfadenhauer J. 2006 – Effects of experimental and real land use on seedling recruitment of six fen species – Basic Appl. Ecol. 7: 334–346.
• Thompson K. 2000 – The functional ecology of soil seed banks (In: Seeds- the Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities, Ed: M. Fenner) – CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp. 215–36.
• Thompson K., Band S. R., Hodgson J. G. 1993 – Seed size and shape predict persistence in the soil – Funct. Ecol. 7: 236–241.
• Thompson K., Green A., Jewels A. M. 1994 – Seeds in soil and worm casts from a neutral grassland – Funct. Ecol. 8: 29–35.
• Turnbull L.A., Coomes D., Hector A., Rees M. 2004 – Seed mass and the competition/colonization trade-off: competitive interactions and spatial patterns in a guild of annual plants – J. Ecol. 92: 97–109.
• van Ulft L.H. 2004 – The effect of seed mass and gap size on seed fate of tropical rain forest tree species in Guyana – Plant Biology, 6: 214–221.
• Wu G.L., Du G.Z., Shi Z.H. 2013 – Germination strategies of 20 alpine species with varying seed mass and light availability – Aust. J. Bot. 61: 404–411.
• Xiong S, Nilsson C. 1997 – Dynamics of leaf litter accumulation and it effects on riparian vegetation: A review – Bot. Rev. 63: 240–264.
• Xiong S., Nilsson C. 1999 – The effects of plant litter on vegetation: a meta-analysis – J. Ecol. 87: 984–994.
• Xiong S.J., Johansson M.E., Hughes F.M.R., Hayes A., Richards K.S., Nilsson C. 2003 –Interactive effects of soil moisture, vegetation canopy, plant litter and seed addition on plant diversity in a wetland community – J. Ecol. 91: 976–986.
• Zarzycki K., Szaląg Z. 2006 – Red List of The Vascular Plants in Poland (In: Red List of Plants and Fungi in Poland, Eds: Z. Mirek, W. Zarzycki, Z. Wojewoda, Z. Szeląg) – Polish Academy of Sciences, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Krakow, pp. 9–21.
• Zoltan R. (Szerkeztette), Bankovics A., Györ yj J., Kaszab Z., Nechay G., Nemeth F., Papp J., Rajczy M., Rakonczay Z., Sterbetz I., Trmedi I., Varga Z. 1990 – Vörös könyv. A. magyarországon kipusztult ésveszélyeztetett növény-és állatfajok – Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 360 pp.