PL
Cantedeskie o barwnych pochwach kwiatostanowych w Polsce uprawiane są przede wszystkim pod osłonami – w szklarniach i tunelach foliowych. Możliwa jest także uprawa w gruncie. Kwitnienie u cantedeskii zależy od odmiany, wielkości kłączy oraz długości ich przechowywania. Prowadzone na świecie badania skupiają się na polepszeniu kwitnienia dzięki stosowaniu regulatorów wzrostu. W przypadku cantedeskii wykazano skuteczność giberelin, w szczególności kwasu giberelinowego, cytokinin, mieszaniny GA₃+BA, a z preparatów – Promalinu – zawierającego GA₄₊₇ i BA. Regulatory wzrostu stosowane są najczęściej w formie roztworu do moczenia kłączy, rzadziej podaje się je dolistnie. Trwałość pozbiorcza kwiatów i liści cantedeskii o barwnych pochwach uzależniona jest od odmiany, metody ich pozbiorczego traktowania oraz zastosowanych związków chemicznych i regulatorów wzrostu. W zależności od odmiany u kwiatów skuteczne są estry 8-hydroksychinoliny, benzyladenina i kwas giberelinowy. Do przedłużania trwałości liści można zastosować kwas giberelinowy oraz meta-metoksytopolinę i jej rybozyd.
EN
The species of the genus Zantedeschia, described already 180 year ago, belong to the arum family – Araceae, in which the inflorescence is a spadix with numerous tiny flowers, set on a succulent peduncle, and surrounded by a colourful spathe. They are usually dioecious, with the perianth reduced or none, two whorls of stamens (2 + 2 or 3 + 3), and an upper pistil, usually built of three carpels. The spadix sits in a leaf sheath corresponding to the inflorescence spathes of palms. With advancing specialisation, the sheath has taken the form of a protective casing of the spadix, often brightly coloured, and with time in many taxa has become part of a characteristic inflorescence which traps insects until the flowers have been pollinated. In calla lilies the spathes are 12 to 25 cm long and white, yellow and pink to dark purple in colour; they surround spadices coloured yellow, golden-yellow and creamy-yellow. In morphological terms, all species are similar. Petiole bases closely adhere to one another, forming ‘an apparent stem’. Successive leaves and peduncles grow from their midst. Within the genus, leaf blades are lanceolate in shape, narrowly to broadly sagittate or cordate. Medium- to dark-green in colour, they are covered or not in transparent, white spots. Initially, in cultivation the dominant species was the common florist’s calla (Z. aethiopica /L./ Spreng.). Today, however, its significance has declined, while cultiowing to intensive breeding efforts, first in the United States of America and New Zealand, and later in South Africa and The Netherlands. A growing interest in the calla lily with colourful spathes is shown by the fact that at the start of 2000 it occupied 6th position, right after orchids, among cut flowers exported from New Zealand. Zantedeschia species with coloured spathes are grown in Poland primarily indoors – in greenhouses and plastic tunnels. They may also be grown outdoors. Flowering in Zantedeschia depends on the cultivar, size of rhizomes and the duration of their storage. Studies conducted worldwide focus on the improvement of flowering thanks to the application of growth regulators. In the case of Zantedeschia gibberellins, particularly gibberellic acid, cytokinins, GA₃+BA mixture, and among commercial preparations – Promalin containing GA₄₊₇ and BA, were shown to be effective in this respect. Growth regulators are most frequently applied in the form of solutions in which rhizomes are soaked, while foliar applications are less common. Post-harvest longevity of flowers and leaves in Zantedeschia with coloured spathes is dependent on the cultivar, method of their post-harvest treatment as well as applied compounds and growth regulators. Depending on the cultivar in flowers are effective 8-hydroxychinoline esters, BA and GA₃. To prolong the vase life of leaves can be used GA₃, meta-methoxytopolin and its riboside.