Mięczaki z interglacjalnych iłów elbląskich z Elbląga i nadbrzeża

• Autorzy: Brodniewicz I.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Molluscs of interglacial clays from Elblag and nabrzeze

RU

Molljuski mezhlednikovykh ehl'blongskikh ilov El'blonga i nadbzhezha

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Opisano faunę mięczaków z osadów interglacjalnych w Elblągu i Nadbrzeżu. Składa się ona z 11 gatunków ślimaków i 21 gatunków małżów. Słodkowodnych form jest 13, dwa gatunki typowo słonawowodne i 17 gatunków morskich. Przy pomocy tego zespołu scharakteryzowano środowisko sedymentacyjne profilu w Elblągu, uwzględniając zasolenie i głębokość zbiornika, jak również zagadnienia paleobiocenotyczne, paleogeograficzne i paleoklimatyczne. Wiek fauny określono jako interglacjał eemski i porównano ją z typową fauną z tego interglacjalu w Brachlewie. Arktyczna fauna z tzw. iłów yoldiowych z Nadbrzeża zbierana była z hałd. Jest ona bardzo uboga, obejmuje tylko 6 gatunków małżów, toteż rozważano na jej podstawie tylko zagadnienia paleogeograficzne i paleoklimatyczne. W części systematycznej podano opisy gatunków i uwzględniono ich ekologię, rozmieszczenie geograficzne i stratygraficzne.

EN

The fauna of molluscs from interglacial deposits of Elbląg and Nadbrzeże is described in the present work. These deposits are known as „Elbląg clay” or „Yoldia clay” since they contain the shells of a pelecypod Portlandia arctica (Gray) (= Yoldia arctica Gray). Besides, they contain abundant foraminifers and ostracods, which will be the subject of special papers. Thirty-two molluscs, including 11 species of gastropods and 21 species of pelecypods, are described. They include 13 fresh-water, only 2 typically brackish and 17 marine forms. The material has been collected in an outcrop at Bażantarnia on the Srebrny Potok stream in Elbląg (Text-fig. 1). This profile, known in literature as „Cardium Bank” (Woldstedt, 1955), contains a rich fauna of molluscs (Table 6). Fresh-water molluscs occur in lower layers 1 and 2. In layer 3, the sea transgression is marked by the occurrence of typically brackish and marine species. This layer, 3 cm in thickness, mostly filled with broken shells of molluscs, represents a typical near-shore tanathocoenose, i.e., a bank deposited by sea waves. Layer 4 consists of dark-gray clays passing into black ones with a fauna of molluscs accumulated in situ. The type of sediment, molluscs, as well as microfauna whose composition and number of individuals varies towards the top of the layer, testify to a gradual deepening and, consequently, cooling of the sea basin. The presence of fragmentary Echinodermata testifies to a degree of salinity of the interglacial sea reaching about 20 per mil and being higher than that of the present Baltic Sea. Higher layers of this profile devoid of macrofauna or with single specimens of only three species of pelecypods together with an abundant vegetal detritus and oogonia of Charophyta seem to be a proof for the shallowing of this boreal basin. The profile in Nadbrzeże, from which samples were taken for the studies of microfauna, did not contain macrofauna. Many valves of Portlandia arctica (Gray) were excavated from the walls and the dump of a brickyard in operation at Nadbrzeże (Text-fig. 1). The valves of the remaining four species were found on the dump of a clay pit. The conclusion may be drawn from the observations made at Nadbrzeże that the species Portlandia arctica (Gray) occurs in lower layers, whereas the remaining species come from overlying layers. The palaeobiocoenose may be reconstructed on the basis of taphonomic considerations. Well-preserved valves, without any traces of transportation are probably preserved in the sediment in situ. During the studies, it has been ascertained which of the species in particular layers of the Elbląg profile are in their life-time biotope. Molluscs from Nadbrzeże are destroyed and with traces of transportation and, therefore, we may conclude that they are not in the sediment in situ. Fluctuations in the salinity and depth of the basin in Elbląg have also been reconstructed on the basis of the fauna of molluscs. The palaeogeographical and palaeoclimatical conditions of the environment, in which the fauna under study lived, have been characterized on the basis of the geographical range of Recent fauna. The malacofauna from Elbląg, as an assemblage belonging to the Lusitanian - Lower Boreal zone, is shown in Table 3. Molluscs from Nadbrzeże characterize, in the lower part of the layers, the Arctic zone and in the upper - the Boreal zone (Table 4). For the purposes of comparison, Table 5 contains characteristics of Southern Baltic as a sea belonging to the Lower Boreal province. Due to the lack of index forms, the exact age of deposits cannot be ascertained on the basis of the molluscs under study. A pollen analysis (Halicki & Brodniewicz, 1960), which enabled the determination of the age of clays from Nadbrzeże, was also a basis for assigning the Elbląg profile to Eem interglacial. Its lower part may be assigned to Eem interglacial, and upper - to the Brørup period (Halicki & Brodniewicz, 1961; Borówko-Dłużakowa, 1961). The typical and rich Eem fauna of marine molluscs from Brachlewo (Brodniewicz, 1960a) was compared with the assemblage of molluscs from Elbląg. The assemblage from Brachlewo, containing index forms for Eem sea, enabled an exact determination of the age of this sea’s deposits. Particular species, their ecology and geographical distribution are described in the systematic part. Some data concerning molluscs from Brachlewo and which are given below, were checked, corrected and supplemented during the present writer’s stay in The Netherlands: Rissoa interrupta (Adams) bifasciata Sars (Brodniewicz, 1960a, p. 251, Pl. 1, Fig. 3). Damaged valves of this species are most likely to belong to young specimens of Rissoa membranacea (Adams). Rissoa inconspicua Alder, described by Brodniewicz (1960a, p. 251, Pl. 1, Figs. 1-2), in the opinion of G. Spaink (personal communication) must be assigned to a new species, which will be described by him. According to G. Spaink, the new species is represented by two new subspecies. Both are index forms for Eem interglacial of The Netherlands, Denmark and Poland. Odostomia unidentata (Montagu) (Brodniewicz, 1960a, p. 261, Pl. 1, Fig. 4; Text-fig. 7). Due to the small number and poor state of preservation of the valves, this specific assignment is uncertain. O. unidentata and related species of this genus display a considerable variability. The illustrated specimen of O. unidentata is somewhat different from a typical form, marked by very slightly convex or even completely flat coils. These shells are also similar to those of O. plicata (Montagu) and slightly resemble some Recent or Eem (Dutch) species of O. turrita Hanley.

RU

В настоящей работе описана фауна моллюсков из межледниковых осадков в Эльблонге и Надбжеже (из так называемых эльблонгских или иольдиевых илов). Сообщество из Эльблонга состоит из 11 видов брюхоногих и 18 видов пластинчатожаберных, среди них 13 форм пресноводных, 2 вида типично солоноватоводных и 14 видов морских. Анализ сообщества моллюсков позволил выяснить обстановку осадконакопления того времени в Эльблонге, а именно: соленость и глубину бассейна, палеобиоценоз, палеогеографию и палеоклимат. Установлено, что стратиграфический возраст фауны соответствует ээмскому межледниковью; проведено ее сравнение с типично лузитанской фауной моллюсков того же межледниковья из Брахлева. Арктическая фауна из Надбжежа была собрана из отвалов действующего кирпичного завода. Эта фауна очень скудная и состоит из 6 видов пластинчатожаберных, что дало возможность рассмотреть только вопросы палеогеографии и палеоклиматологии. Илы кирпичного завода в Надбжеже, вмещающие большое количество раковин пластинчатожаберных Portlandia arctica (Gray) (= Yoldia arctica Gray), находятся под илами c Cyprina islandica (Linné) и Astarte borealis (Chemnitz).

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Elblag; ily; interglacjal eemski; mieczaki; fauna; slimaki; malze; plejstocen; paleogeografia; stratygrafia; rozmieszczenie geograficzne

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 1969
• Tom: 14
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: s.253-290,rys.,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Brodniewicz I.

Bibliografia

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