Evaluation of anatomical and morphological characteristics of the nasopalatine canal in a Turkish population by cone beam computed tomography

• Autorzy: Hakbilen S. , Magat G.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse as three dimensions the anatomical and morphometric dimensions of nasopalatine canal (NPC) in the coronal, axial and sagittal directions using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate the effect of age, gender and maxillary dental status on NPC and buccal bone thickness (BBT). Materials and methods: In this study, CBCT data of the 619 individuals aged between 17 and 86 years were examined retrospectively with respect to dimensions and anatomic variations of the NPC and BBTs. The correlation of age, gender, and status of edentulism of anterior maxilla with all the variables were evaluated. Results: The NPC and BBT showed important variability in terms of morphology and dimensions. Morphological assessment of NPC revealed that 26.17% of NPCs were conical shape, 24.71% of canals were hourglass-shaped, 16.80% of canals were cylindrical shaped, 15.83% of canals were funnel-like shaped, 11.14% of canals were banana-like shaped, and 5.33% of canals were tree branch-like shaped. Males and females showed significant differences in the length of the NPC and BBTs in the sagittal sections. There were significant differences between age and BBTs. In addition, the length of NPC and BBTs were statistically different according to dental status. Conclusions: These anatomical changes in terms of dimensional and morphological parameters revealed the importance of three-dimensional imaging. Dentists should know and consider the variations in this canal in order to avoid possible complications during anaesthesia and surgical procedures which were applied to the maxillary anterior region. More precautions should be taken during surgical procedures in females, elderly and edentulous patients. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 3: 527–535)

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Folia Morphologica
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: 77
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.527–535,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Hakbilen S.

• Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Densitry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey

autor

Magat G.

• Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Densitry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey

Bibliografia

• 1. Acar B, Kamburoğlu K. Morphological and volumetric evaluation of the nasopalatinal canal in a Turkish population using cone-beam computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2015; 37(3): 259–265, doi: 10.1007/s00276-014-1348-9, indexed in Pubmed: 25038838.
• 2. Al-Amery SM, Nambiar P, Jamaludin M, et al. Cone beam computed tomography assessment of the maxillary incisive canal and foramen: considerations of anatomical variations when placing immediate implants. PLoS One. 2015; 10(2): e0117251, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117251, indexed in Pubmed: 25679505.
• 3. Artzi Z, Nemcovsky CE, Bitlitum I, et al. Displacement of the incisive foramen in conjunction with implant placement in the anterior maxilla without jeopardizing vitality of nasopalatine nerve and vessels: a novel surgical approach. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000; 11(5): 505–510, indexed in Pubmed:11168243.
• 4. Asaumi R, Kawai T, Sato I, et al. Three-dimensional observations of the incisive canal and the surrounding bone using cone-beam computed tomography. Oral Radiol. 2010; 26(1): 20–28, doi: 10.1007/s11282-010-0039-4.
• 5. Bornstein MM, Balsiger R, Sendi P, et al. Morphology of the nasopalatine canal and dental implant surgery: a radiographic analysis of 100 consecutive patients using limited cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011; 22(3): 295–301, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02010.x, indexed in Pubmed: 21039896.
• 6. Buser D, Martin W, Belser UC. Optimizing esthetics for implant restorations in the anterior maxilla: anatomic and surgical considerations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004; 19 Suppl: 43–61, indexed in Pubmed: 15635945.
• 7. Cawood JI, Howell RA. A classification of the edentulous jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1988; 17(4): 232–236, indexed in Pubmed: 3139793.
• 8. Chatriyanuyoke P, Lu CI, Suzuki Y, et al. Nasopalatine canal position relative to the maxillary central incisors: a cone beam computed tomography assessment. J Oral Implantol. 2012; 38(6): 713–717, doi: 10.1563/AAID-JOID-10-00106, indexed in Pubmed: 20932126.
• 9. Cohenca N, Simon JH, Roges R, et al. Clinical indications for digital imaging in dento-alveolar trauma. Part 1: traumatic injuries. Dent Traumatol. 2007; 23(2): 95–104, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2006.00509.x, indexed in Pubmed: 17367457.
• 10. Etoz M, Sisman Y. Evaluation of the nasopalatine canal and variations with cone-beam computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014; 36(8): 805–812, doi: 10.1007/s00276-014-1259-9, indexed in Pubmed: 24488202.
• 11. Fernández-Alonso A, Suárez-Quintanilla JA, RapadoGonzález O, et al. Morphometric differences of nasopalatine canal based on 3D classifications: descriptive analysis on CBCT. Surg Radiol Anat. 2015; 37(7): 825–833, doi: 10.1007/s00276-015-1470-3, indexed in Pubmed: 25821035.
• 12. Friedrich RE, Laumann F, Zrnc T, et al. The nasopalatine canal in adults on cone beam computed tomograms: a clinical study and review of the literature. In Vivo. 2015;29(4): 467–486, indexed in Pubmed: 26130792.
• 13. Fukuda M, Matsunaga S, Odaka K, et al. Three-dimensional analysis of incisive canals in human dentulous and edentulous maxillary bones. Int J Implant Dent. 2015; 1(1): 12, doi: 10.1186/s40729-015-0012-4, indexed in Pubmed: 27747634.
• 14. Gönül Y, Bucak A, Atalay Y, et al. MDCT evaluation of nasopalatine canal morphometry and variations: An analysis of 100 patients. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2016; 97(11): 1165–1172, doi: 10.1016/j.diii.2015.11.012, indexed in Pubmed: 26797526.
• 15. Honda K, Arai Y, Kashima M, et al. Evaluation of the usefulness of the limited cone-beam CT (3DX) in the assessment of the thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa of the temporomandibular joint. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2004; 33(6): 391–395, doi: 10.1259/dmfr/54316470, indexed in Pubmed:15665233.
• 16. Jacob S, Zelano B, Gungor A, et al. Location and gross morphology of the nasopalatine duct in human adults. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000; 126(6): 741–748, indexed in Pubmed: 10864112.
• 17. Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Liang X, et al. Neurovascularization of the anterior jaw bones revisited using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 103(5): 683–693, doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.11.014, indexed in Pubmed: 17320428.
• 18. Jain NV, Gharatkar AA, Parekh BA, et al. Three-Dimensional analysis of the anatomical characteristics and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal using cone beam computed tomography. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2017; 16(2): 197–204, doi: 10.1007/s12663-016-0879-5, indexed in Pubmed: 28439161.
• 19. Kajan ZD, Kia J, Motevasseli S, et al. Evaluation of the nasopalatine canal with cone-beam computed tomography in an Iranian population. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2015; 12(1): 14–19, indexed in Pubmed: 25709669.
• 20. Keith DA. Phenomenon of mucous retention in the incisive canal. J Oral Surg. 1979; 37(11): 832–834, indexed in Pubmed: 290778.
• 21. Kohavi D. Demonstration of Unusually Wide Artery in the Maxillary Alveolar Bone Using a Reformatting Program of Computed Tomography: A Case Report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1994; 9(4): 444–448.
• 22. Kraut RA, Boyden DK. Location of incisive canal in relation to central incisor implants. Implant Dent. 1998; 7(3): 221–225, indexed in Pubmed: 9823111.
• 23. Liang X, Jacobs R, Martens W, et al. Macro- and microanatomical, histological and computed tomography scan characterization of the nasopalatine canal. J Clin Periodontol. 2009; 36(7): 598–603, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01429.x, indexed in Pubmed: 19538333.
• 24. López Jornet P, Boix P, Sanchez Perez A, et al. Morphological Characterization of the Anterior Palatine Region Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015; 17 Suppl 2: e459–e464, doi: 10.1111/cid.12271, indexed in Pubmed: 25263847.
• 25. Mardinger O, Namani-Sadan N, Chaushu G, et al. Morphologic changes of the nasopalatine canal related to dental implantation: a radiologic study in different degrees of absorbed maxillae. J Periodontol. 2008; 79(9): 1659–1662, doi: 10.1902/jop.2008.080043, indexed in Pubmed: 18771366.
• 26. Mraiwa N, Jacobs R, Van Cleynenbreugel J, et al. The nasopalatine canal revisited using 2D and 3D CT imaging. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2004; 33(6): 396–402, doi: 10.1259/dmfr/53801969, indexed in Pubmed: 15665234.
• 27. Nasseh I, Aoun G, Sokhn S. Assessment of the nasopalatine canal: an anatomical study. Acta Inform Med. 2017; 25(1): 34–38, doi:10.5455/aim.2017.25.34-38, indexed in Pubmed: 28484295.
• 28. Özçakır-Tomruk C, Dölekoğlu S, Özkurt-Kayahan Z, et al. Evaluation of morphology of the nasopalatine canal using cone-beam computed tomography in a subgroup of Turkish adult population. Surg Radiol Anat. 2016; 38(1): 65–70, doi: 10.1007/s00276-015-1520-x, indexed in Pubmed: 26228382.
• 29. Panjnoush M, Norouzi H, Kheirandish Y, et al. Evaluation of morphology and anatomical measurement of nasopalatine canal using cone beam computed tomography. J Dent (Tehran). 2016; 13(4): 287–294, indexed in Pubmed: 28127321.
• 30. Peñarrocha D, Candel E, Guirado JL, et al. Implants placed in the nasopalatine canal to rehabilitate severely atrophic maxillae: a retrospective study with long follow-up. J Oral Implantol. 2014; 40(6): 699–706, doi: 10.1563/AAID-JOID-12-00145, indexed in Pubmed: 23397941.
• 31. Peñarrocha M, Carrillo C, Uribe R, et al. The nasopalatine canal as an anatomic buttress for implant placement in the severely atrophic maxilla: a pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009; 24(5): 936–942, indexed in Pubmed: 19865635.
• 32. Pohlenz P, Blessmann M, Blake F, et al. Clinical indications and perspectives for intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 103(3): 412–417, doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.05.008, indexed in Pubmed:17321455.
• 33. Radlanski RJ, Emmerich S, Renz H. Prenatal morphogenesis of the human incisive canal. Anat Embryol (Berl). 2004; 208(4): 265–271, doi:10.1007/s00429-004-0389-y, indexed in Pubmed: 15293047.
• 34. Rodricks D, Gupta A, Phulambrikar T, et al. Anatomical and morphological characterization of the nasopalatine canal: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Mymensingh Med J. 2016; 25(2): 349–356, indexed in Pubmed: 27277370.
• 35. Rodrigues MT, Munhoz EA, Cardoso CL, et al. Unilateral patent nasopalatine duct: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Otolaryngol. 2009; 30(2): 137–140, doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2008.02.015, indexed in Pubmed: 19239956.
• 36. Safi Y, Moshfeghi M, Rahimian S, et al. Assessment of nasopalatine canal anatomic variations using cone beam computed tomography in a group of iranian population. Iran J Radiol. 2016; 14(1), doi: 10.5812/iranjradiol.37028.
• 37. Sekerci AE, Cantekin K, Aydinbelge M. Cone beam computed tomographic analysis of neurovascular anatomical variations other than the nasopalatine canal in the anterior maxilla in a pediatric population. Surg Radiol Anat. 2015; 37(2): 181–186, doi: 10.1007/s00276-014-1303-9, indexed in Pubmed:24789202.
• 38. Song WC, Jo DI, Lee JY, et al. Microanatomy of the incisive canal using three-dimensional reconstruction of microCT images: an ex vivo study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009; 108(4): 583–590, doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.06.036, indexed in Pubmed: 19778745.
• 39. Swanson KS, Kaugars GE, Gunsolley JC. Nasopalatine duct cyst: an analysis of 334 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991; 49(3): 268–271, indexed in Pubmed: 1995816.
• 40. Temmerman A, Hertelé S, Teughels W, et al. Are panoramic images reliable in planning sinus augmentation procedures? Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011; 22(2): 189–194, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02000.x, indexed in Pubmed: 20868452.
• 41. Teughels W, Merheb J, Quirynen M. Critical horizontal dimensions of interproximal and buccal bone around implants for optimal aesthetic outcomes: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009; 20 Suppl 4: 134–145, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01782.x, indexed in Pubmed: 19663960.
• 42. Thakur AR, Burde K, Guttal K, et al. Anatomy and morphology of the nasopalatine canal using cone-beam computed tomography. Imaging Sci Dent. 2013; 43(4): 273–281, doi: 10.5624/isd.2013.43.4.273, indexed in Pubmed: 24380067.
• 43. Tözüm TF, Güncü GN, Yıldırım YD, et al. Evaluation of maxillary incisive canal characteristics related to dental implant treatment with computerized tomography: a clinical multicenter study. J Periodontol. 2012; 83(3): 337–343, doi: 10.1902/jop.2011.110326, indexed in Pubmed: 21910596.
• 44. Van der Weijden F, Dell’Acqua F, Slot DE. Alveolar bone dimensional changes of post-extraction sockets in humans: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2009; 36(12): 1048–1058, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01482.x, indexed in Pubmed: 19929956.
• 45. Von Arx T, Bornstein MM. [The patent nasopalatine duct. A rare anomaly and diagnostic pitfall]. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 2009; 119(4): 379–389, indexed in Pubmed: 19485076.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5603/FM.a2018.0013