Phenomena, biometrics and canopy behavior of prickly comfrey (Symphytum asperum Lep. Boraginaceae) in a long-term experiment

• Autorzy: Aniszewski T.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Annual and interannual phenomena and canopy behavior of prickly comfrey (Symphytum asperum Lep.) were studied in a 10-year experiment with 25 measurement sessions during the growing season. The results confirm the importance of long-term experiments in studying plant phenomena, biometrics and behavior. Prickly comfrey produced a green canopy each year and growth started very early in spring. Maximum plant height was less than 160 cm. Annual phenomena (growth initiation, seedling phase, flower phase, seed phase, senescent phase), interannual phenomena (initiation and youth, reproduction, new generation formation, plant death) and two population cycles (colonization and expansion) were measured. The duration of annual development up to canopy death can be expressed as x+2x+3x+2x, where x is initial growth. The genetic structure and activity of prickly comfrey promotes generative development of the species. Its age can be measured over a single and several vegetation generations. The ability to change the angle of vertical stem growth after 9 weeks can be considered a functional behavior of prickly comfrey and part of its life strategy. The differences between the organs in the upper and lower parts are very considerable and should be taken into account in morphological descriptions of this species. The upper and lower stems and leaves showed differential growth. Both stem and leaves were densely setose. Old leaves were 3.8 times longer, 4 times broader and 2.4 times thicker than young leaves. Hairs were on average 3 times longer on old than on young leaves. Flowers had contact with pollinators making relatively long visits to them.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 54
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.121-128,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Aniszewski T.

• Research and Technology Laboratory of Applied Botany, Biological Interactions and Ecological Engineering, Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland

Bibliografia

• ADLER PB, and HILLERISLAMBERS J. 2008. The influence of climate and species composition of the population dynamicsof ten prairie forbs. Ecology 89: 3049–3060.
• ANISZEWSKI T. 1988. Phenological study on trees, bushes and arable peat land. Agricultural Research Center,Jokioinen, Finland. Bulletin 2/88: 1–125. [In Finnish].
• ANISZEWSKI T. 2000. Phenotypic parameters of elecampane (Inula helenium) in eastern Finland. Aquilo SeriesBotanica 38: 13–28.
• ANISZEWSKI T. 2004. Legume species that have breeding potential for NE Europe. Science of Legumes 6: 256–265.
• ANISZEWSKI T. 2010. Canopy behavior of three milkvetch (Astragalus) species in acclimation to a new habitat. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica 52/1:45–54.
• ANISZEWSKI T, DROZDOV SN, KHOLOPTSEVA ES, and MIHKIEV AI. 1996. Botanical characteristics and phenological developmentof Galega orientalis Lam. in the primeval forestzone of eastern Fennoscandia. Aquilo Series Botanica36: 21–26.
• ANISZEWSKI T, KUPARI MH, and LEINONEN AJ. 2001. Seed number, seed size and seed diversity in Washington lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.). Annals of Botany 87: 77–81.
• ANISZEWSKI T, and SIMOJOKI P. 1984. Quantity and vigour of weed seeds in some ARC rotation experimental areas. Review and analysis of soil samples from three ARC research stations. Agricultural Research Centre.Jokioinen, Finland. Bulletin 22/84: 1–38. [In Finnish].
• BARBAKADZE VV, MULKIDZHANYAN KG, MERLANI MI, GOGILASHVILI LM, AMIRANASHVILI LSA, and SHABURISHVILI EK.2011. Extraction, composition and the antioxidant andanticomplement activities of high molecular weight fractionsfrom leaves of Symphytum asperum and S. caucasicum.Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 44:11:604–607.Biometrics and canopy behavior of Symphytum asperum 127
• BUSWELL JM, MOLES AT, and HARTLEY S. 2011. Is rapid evolution common in introduced plant species? Journal ofEcology 29: 214–224.
• DUDLEY JW. 2007. From Means to QTL: The Illinois long-term selection experiment as a case study in quantitativegenetics. Crop Science 47 (S3): S20–S31.
• FINNOFF D, and TSCHIRHART J. 2009. Plant competition and exclusion with optimizing individuals. Journal ofTheoretical Biology 261(2): 227–237.
• GADELLA TWJ, and KLIPHUIS E. 1975. Cytotaxonomic studies in Genus Symphytum. 7. Some hybrids betweenSymphytum asperum Lepech and Symphytum officinaleL. in Denmark. Proceedings of the KoninklijkeNederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Series C –Biological and Medical Sciences 78:182–188.
• GADELLA TWJ, and KLIPHUIS E. 1978. Cytotaxonomic studies in Genus Symphytum. 8. Chromosome numbers and classificationof 10 European species. Proceedings of theKoninklijke Nederlandse Akademie vanWetenschappen Series C – Biological and MedicalSciences 81: 162–172.
• GADELLA TWJ, KLIPHUIS E, and HUIZING HJ. 1983. Cyto- and chemotaxonomical studies in the sections Officinaliaand Coerulea of the genus Symphytum. BotanicaHelvetica 93: 169–192.
• GARZON CP, and KEIJZER F. 2011. Adaptive behavior, rootbrains, and minimal cognition. Adaptive Behavior19:155–171.
• HE GM, ELLING AA, DENG XW, MERCHANT SS, BRIGGS WR, and ORT D. 2011. The epigene and plant development.Annual Review of Plant Biology 62: 411–435.
• JAARSMA TA, LOMANNS E, GADELLA TWJ, and MALINGRE TM. 1989. Chemotaxonomy
• BUSWELL JM, MOLES AT, and HARTLEY S. 2011. Is rapid evolution common in introduced plant species? Journal ofEcology 29: 214–224.
• DUDLEY JW. 2007. From Means to QTL: The Illinois long-term selection experiment as a case study in quantitativegenetics. Crop Science 47 (S3): S20–S31.
• FINNOFF D, and TSCHIRHART J. 2009. Plant competition and exclusion with optimizing individuals. Journal ofTheoretical Biology 261(2): 227–237.
• GADELLA TWJ, and KLIPHUIS E. 1975. Cytotaxonomic studies in Genus Symphytum. 7. Some hybrids betweenSymphytum asperum Lepech and Symphytum officinaleL. in Denmark. Proceedings of the KoninklijkeNederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Series C –Biological and Medical Sciences 78:182–188.
• GADELLA TWJ, and KLIPHUIS E. 1978. Cytotaxonomic studies in Genus Symphytum. 8. Chromosome numbers and classification of 10 European species. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Series C – Biological and Medical Sciences 81: 162–172.
• GADELLA TWJ, KLIPHUIS E, and HUIZING HJ. 1983. Cyto- and chemotaxonomical studies in the sections Officinalia and Coerulea of the genus Symphytum. BotanicaHelvetica 93: 169–192.
• GARZON CP, and KEIJZER F. 2011. Adaptive behavior, rootbrains, and minimal cognition. Adaptive Behavior19:155–171.
• HE GM, ELLING AA, DENG XW, MERCHANT SS, BRIGGS WR, and ORT D. 2011. The epigene and plant development.Annual Review of Plant Biology 62: 411–435.
• JAARSMA TA, LOMANNS E, GADELLA TWJ, and MALINGRE TM. 1989. Chemotaxonomy of the Symphytum officinaleagg. (Boraginaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution167: 113–127.
• JAARSMA TA, LOHMANNS E, HENDRIKS H, GADELLA TWJ, and MALINGRE TM. 1990. Chemo- and karyotaxonomic studieson some rhizomatous species of the genusSymphytum (Boraginaceae). Plant Systematics andEvolution 169: 31–39.
• MOSSBERG B, and STENBERG L. 2005. Grand Guide to Northern Plants, 928. Tammi, Helsinki. [In Finnish]. OSMOND CB, ANANYEV G, BERRY J, LANGDOM C, KOLBERG Z, LIN G, MONSON R, NICHOL CJ, RASCHER U, SCHURR U, SMITH S, and YAKIR D. 2004. Changing the way we think about global change research: scaling up in experimental ecosystem science. Global Change Biology 10: 393–407.
• OZCAN T. 2010. Differentiation of Symphytum species using RAPD and seed fatty acid patterns. Natural ProductCommunications 5: 587–596.
• PHILLIPPE N, CROZAT R, LENSKI RE, and SCHNEIDER D. 2007. Evolution of global regulatory networks during a longtermexperiment with Escherichia coli. BioEssays 29:846–860.
• ROZEN DE, and LENSKI RE. 2000. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. VIII. Dynamics of balancedpolymorphism. American Naturalist 155: 24–35.
• SCHURR U, WALTER A, and RASCHER U. 2006. Functional dynamics of plant growth and photosynthesis – fromsteady-state to dynamics. Plant Cell and Environment29: 340–352.
• TUTIN TG. 1956. The genus Symphytum in Britain. Watsonia 3: 280–281.
• TUTIN TG, HEYWOOD VH, BURGES NA, MOORE DM, VALENTINE DH, WALTERS DH, and WEBB DA. 1972. Flora Europea, vol. 3, 104–105. University Press, Cambridge.
• WADE AE. 1958. The history of Symphytum asperum Lepech. and S. × uplandicum Nyman in Britain. Watsonia 4: 117–118. 128 Aniszewski

Uwagi

Rekord w opracowaniu