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2015 | 24 | 2 |

Tytuł artykułu

Conversion factor of fuel-bound nitrogen to oxides in the process of spruce wood combustion in boiler grate furnaces

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
This paper presents a procedure for exacly determination the conversion factor of fuel-bound nitrogen to nitrogen oxides in the combustion process of wet spruce wood in boiler grate furnaces with a heat input of 300 to 2,500 kW. They are referred to as fuel-bound nitrogen oxides, thermal nitrogen oxides, and immediate nitrogen oxides. The conversion rate of spruce wood fuel-bound nitrogen is determined based on an analysis of biofuel and emissions-technological measurements of nitrogen oxide concentrations in flue gases from the combustion process of biofuels. For combustion tests, wet spruce chips from 16 sites in Slovakia were used. The value of the conversion factor of spruce wood fuel-bound nitrogen is XNOₓ = 65.4±8.3%. The calculated value of the conversion factor of spruce wood fuel-bound nitrogen to NOₓ emissions can be considered fair value, both from the aspect of combustion conditions of spruce chips and made emissions-technology measurements and from the technical calculation itself. It is also declared by the following observations and statements.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

24

Numer

2

Opis fizyczny

p.505-509,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Department of Woodworking, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G.Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia
  • Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovskeho 40, 974 01 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
autor
  • Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovskeho 40, 974 01 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
  • Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G.Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia

Bibliografia

  • 1. POHL J. H., CHEN S.L., HEAP M.P., PERSHING D.W. Correlation of NOₓ Emissions with Basic Physical and Chemical Charakteristics of Coal. Proceedings Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOₓ Control, EPRI CS-3182, Electric Power Institute, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 1-30, 1983.
  • 2. NUSSBAUMER T. Requirements for environmentally friendly wood combustion engine. Holz als Roh – und Werkstoff, 49, 445, 1991 [In German].
  • 3. LADOMERSKÝ J. Emission analysis and minimization from the wood waste combustion. Wood Research, 45, (4), 33, 2000.
  • 4. DZURENDA L. Emission of NO₂ from the combustion process of wet wood and bark. Drvna industrija, 55, (1), 19, 2004.
  • 5. PLECKAITINE R., BUINEVICIUS K. The factors which have influence on nitrogen conversion formation. Environmental engineering. The 8th International Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, pp. 263-269, 2011.
  • 6. ZEĽDOVIČ J. B. Oxidation of nitrogen in the combustion. AN, Moskva, pp. 77-79, 1947.
  • 7. FENIMORE C.P. Formation of nitric oxide in premixed hydrocarbon flames. 13-th International Symposium of Combustion. Pittsburg, pp. 224-229, 1971.
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  • 9. SALZMANN R., NUSSBAUMER T. Fuel Staging for NOₓ Reduction in Biomass Combustion: Experiments and Modeling. Energy & Fuels, 15, (3), 575, 2001.
  • 10. JASINSKAS A., ULOZEVIČUTÉ I., RUTKAUSKAS G. Plant biomass production and use as an environmentally-friendly local fuel. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 21, (1), 89, 2012.
  • 11. JUSZCZAK M. Experimental study of pollutant concentrations from a heat station supplied with wood pellets. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 20, (6), 1519, 2011.
  • 12. EN 14774-2 Solid biofuels – Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method. Part 2: Total moisture – Simplified method, pp. 7, 2009.
  • 13. MARUTZKY R., SEEGER K. Energy from wood and other biomass. DRW – Verlag Weinbrenner GmbH &Co, pp. 430, 1999 [In German].
  • 14. LIN H.C., MURASE Y. Analysis of Evolved Species and Estimation of the Combustion Emissions of PACB and AAC Preservatives Using TGA–IR and CEM Techniques. J. Fac. Agr., Kyushu Univ., 54, (1), 223, 2009.
  • 15. DZURENDA L., JANDAČKA J. The use of biomass energy (Energetické využitie dendromasy). Zvolen: Technical University in Zvolen, 161 p., 2010 [In Slovak].
  • 16. DZURENDA L. Mathematic model for the calculation of the emission value of cmaxNOX for combustion of wet dendromass in grate fire chamber. Acta Facultatis Ecologiae, 19, (1), 49, 2008 [In Slovak].
  • 17. CHREBET T., MARTINKA J., BALOG K., TURNOVA Z. Activation energy of pure and impregnated lignocellulosic materialsobtained by isothermal method. Advanced Materials Research, 291-294, 690-693, 1179-1183, 291-294, 2013.
  • 18. CHREBET T., MARTINKA J., BALOG K., HRUŠOVSKÝ I. Moment of Lignocellulosic Materials Ignition Defined by Critical Mass Flow Rate. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 291-294, 1985, 2013.
  • 19. MANDL C., OBERNBERGER I., BENESCH C., SCHARLER R. Release and conversion of fuel-bound nitrogen during fixed-bed gasification and subsequent staged combustion. 19th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition, June 2011, Berlin, Germany, ETA-Renewable Energies (Ed.), Italy, 2011.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

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