PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2011 | 67 | 11 |

Tytuł artykułu

Lameness in small ruminants

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
The main causes of lameness in sheep include foot rot (FR), interdigital dermatitis (ID), and contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD). FR is a bacterial disease caused by Dichelobacter nodosus. An infection by faecal bacterium Fusobacterium necrophorum may develop as a result of injuries to the interdigital skin occurring over a prolonged period in a wet environment. FR is highly contagious and can be transmitted from sheep to sheep via pasture, bedding or handling pens; however, this disease can also be spread by sheep that do not show any clinical indications of the disease. In the case of ID infection, only the presence of Dichelobacter nodosus causes lameness. In most cases of CODD infection, Treponema vincentii has been isolated. The mean prevalence of lameness was around 8-10%, varied between years and depended on the climate and the standard of hygienic conditions. The main causes of lameness in goats were cracks and erosion on the horn of the bulbs of the heel that extended along the internal side of the axial hoof wall. Similarly as in sheep, Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum were isolated from foot lesions. The clinical diagnosis was ID. The mean prevalence of lameness in goats ranged from 9% to 15%. The common detection of Fusobacterium necrophorum together with Dichelobacter nodosus supports the hypothesis that FR results from a synergistic interaction between these two organisms. Risk factors associated with infection and lameness in small ruminants are as follows: the wet season and moisture, smudge of dirt with mud of dens for animals, concentration of animals, virulence of the bacteria present, and the frequency of routine foot trimming. Particularly in sheep, an increased frequency of foot trimming is associated with an increased prevalence of FR. Lameness in small ruminants may also be related to an abnormal conformation of limbs or to lesions of the skin and udder. A highly reliable method for the evaluation of locomotion in small ruminants is the scoring scale using scores from 0 to 6. The treatment of infected animals consists primarily of their separation from the flock and the application of an antibacterial therapy, in which almost any topical antibiotic and foot spray can be effective. During transmission periods it is advisable to bathe animals’ feet in zinc sulphate (10 or 15%) or formalin (3%) every five days. Supplemental dietary biotin at 5.25 mg/day healed hoof lesions within 7 months. An improved locomotion of sheep was visible within 4 months. Vaccination plays a valuable role, but it is not fully effective, and immunity is of relatively short duration. Vaccination should be repeated at six-month intervals. Prevention and control of the two most common causes of lameness in small ruminants (foot rot and digital dermatitis) that eliminate Dichelobcter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum are more feasible given the climate and environment can lead to minimization of lameness, improvement of animal welfare and increased productivity.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

67

Numer

11

Opis fizyczny

p.715-719,ref.

Twórcy

  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 52, 60-625 Poznan, Poland

Bibliografia

  • 1. Abbott K. A., Lewis C. J.: Current approaches to the management of ovine footrot. Vet. J. 2005, 169, 28-41.
  • 2. Azizi S., Yakhchali M.: Transitory lameness in sheep due to Hyalomma spp. infestation in Urmia, Iran. Small Ruminant Res. 2006, 63, 262-264.
  • 3. Bampidis V. A., Lymberopoulos A. G., Christodoulou V., Belibasaki S.: Impacts of supplemental dietary biotin on lameness in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 2007, 134, 162-169.
  • 4. Bennett G., Hickford J., Sedcole R., Zhou H.: Dichelobacter nodosus, Fusobacterium necrophorum and the epidemiology of footrot. Anaerobe 2009, 15, 173-176.
  • 5. Bishop S. C., Morris C. A.: Genetics of disease resistance in sheep and goats. Small Ruminant Res. 2007, 70, 48-59.
  • 6. Bokko B. P, Adamu S. S., Mohammed A.: Limb conditions that predispose sheep to lameness in the arid zone of Nigeria. Small Ruminant Res. 2003, 47, 165-169.
  • 7. Bokko B. P., Chaudhari S. U. R.: Prevalence of lameness in sheep in the North East Region of Nigeria. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 2001, 3, 519-521.
  • 8. Burke J. M., Parker C. F.: Effect of breed on response to foot rot treatment in mature sheep and lambs. Small Ruminant Res. 2007, 71, 165-169.
  • 9. Caroprese M., Casamassima D., Rassu S. P. G., Napolitano F., Sevi A.: Monitoring the on-farm welfare of sheep and goats. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 2009, 8 (suppl. 1), 343-354.
  • 10. Cheetham B. F., Tanjung L. R., Sutherland M., Druitt J., Green G., McFarlane J., Bailey G. D., Seaman J. T., Katz M. E.: Improved diagnosis of virulent ovine footrot using the intA gene. Vet. Microbiol. 2006, 116, 166-174.
  • 11. Christodoulopoulos G.: Foot lameness in dairy goats. Res. Vet. Sci. 2009, 86, 281-284.
  • 12. Clements A. C., Mellor D. J., Fitzpatrick J. L.: Reporting of sheep lameness conditions to veterinarians in the Scottish borders. Vet. Rec. 2002, 150, 815-817.
  • 13. Conington J., Nicoll L., Mitchell S., Bünger L.: Characterisation of white line degeneration in sheep and evidence for genetic influences on its occurrence. Vet. Res. Commun. 2010, 34, 481-489.
  • 14. Costa N., Fiore M., Aloe L.: Healing action of nerve growth factor on lameness in adult goats. Ann. Ist. Super Sanità 2002, 38, 187-194.
  • 15. Dwyer C. M.: Welfare of sheep: Providing for welfare in an extensive environment. Small Ruminant Res. 2009, 86, 14-21.
  • 16. Eze C. A.: Lameness and reproductive performance in small ruminants in Nsukka Area of the Enugu State, Nigeria. Small Ruminant Res. 2002, 44, 263-267.
  • 17. Fitzpatrick J., Scott M., Nolan A.: Assessment of pain and welfare in sheep. Small Ruminant Res. 2006, 62, 55-61.
  • 18. Gelasakis A. I., Arsenos G., Valergakis P., Fortomaris P., Banos G.: Effect of lameness on milk production in a flock of dairy sheep. Vet. Rec. 2010, 167, 533-534.
  • 19. Green L. E., Wassink G. L., Grogono-Thomas R., Moore L. J., Medley G. F.: Looking after the individual to reduce disease in the flock: A binomial mixed effects model investigating the impact of individual dermatitis in a prospective longitudinal study on one farm. Prev. Vet. Med. 2007, 78, 172-178.
  • 20. Gurung R. B., Dhungyel O. P., Tshering P., Egerton J. R.: The use of an autogenous Dichelobacter nodosus vaccine to eliminate clinical signs of virulent footrot in a sheep flock in Bhutan. Vet. J. 2006, 172, 356-363.
  • 21. Hill A. E., Dhungyel O. P., Whittington R. J.: Diagnostic sampling strategies for virulent ovine footrot: Simulating detection of Dichelobacter nodosus serogroups for bivalent vaccine formulation. Prev. Vet. Med. 2010, 95, 127-136.
  • 22. Hill N. P., Murphy P. E., Nelson A. J., Mouttotou N., Green L. E., Morgan K. L.: Lameness and foot lesions in adult dairy goats. Vet. Rec. 1997, 141, 412-416.
  • 23. Hodgkinson O.: The importance of feet examination in sheep health management. Small Ruminant Res. 2010, 92, 67-71.
  • 24. Hosie B.: Footrot and lameness in sheep. Vet. Rec. 2004, 154, 37-38.
  • 25. Kaler J., Green L. E.: Farmers' practices and factors associated with the prevalence of all lameness and lameness attributed to interdigital dermatitis and footrot in sheep flocks in England in 2004. Prev. Vet. Med. 2009, 92, 52-59.
  • 26. Kaler J., Green L. E.: Naming and recognition of six foot lesions of sheep using written and pictorial information: A study of 809 English sheep farmers. Prev. Vet. Med. 2008, 83, 52-64.
  • 27. Kaler J., Green L. E.: Recognition of lameness and decisions to catch for inspection among sheep farmers and specialists in GB. BMC Vet. Res. 2008, 4, 1-9.
  • 28. Kaler J., Medley G. F., Grogono-Thomas R., Wellington E. M. H., Calvo-Bado L. A., Wassink G. J., King E. M., Moore L. J., Russell C., Green L. E.: Factors associated with changes of state of foot conformation and lameness in a flock of sheep. Prev. Vet. Med. 2010, 97, 237-244.
  • 29. Kaler J., Wassink G. J., Green L. E.: The inter- and intra-observer reliability of locomotion scoring scale for sheep. Vet. J. 2009, 180, 189-194.
  • 30. Kennan R. M., Dhungyel O. M., Whittington R. J., Egerton J. R., Rood J. I.: The type IV fimbrial subunit gene (fimA) of Dichelobacter nodosus is essential for virulence, protease secretion, and natural competence. J. Bacteriol. 2001, 183, 4451-4458.
  • 31. Ley S. J., Livingston A., Waterman A. E.: The effect of chronic clinical pain on thermal and mechanical thresholds in sheep. Pain 1989, 39, 353-357.
  • 32. López J. R., González Montańa J. R., Alonso Díez A. J., Prieto Montańa F.: Failure of oral zinc supplementation to control ovine foot rot. Small Ruminant Res. 1999, 31, 273-276.
  • 33. Lovatt F. M.: Clinical examination of sheep. Small Ruminant Res. 2010, 92, 72-77.
  • 34. Moore L. J., Wassink G. J., Green L. E., Grogono-Thomas R.: The detection and characterisation of Dichelobacter nodosus from cases of ovine footrot in England and Wales. Vet. Microbiol. 2005, 108, 57-67.
  • 35. Moore L. J., Woodward M. J., Grogono-Thomas R.: The occurrence of treponemes in contagious ovine digital dermatitis and the characterisation of associated Dichelobacter nodosus. Vet. Microbiol. 2005, 111, 199-209.
  • 36. Morris S. T.: Economics of sheep production. Small Ruminant Res. 2009, 86, 59-62.
  • 37. Nieuwhof G. J., Bishop S. C.: Costs of the major endemic diseases of sheep in Great Britain and the potential benefits of reduction in disease impact. Anim. Sci. 2005, 81, 23-29.
  • 38. Nonga H. E., Makungu M., Bittegeko S. B. P., Mpanduji D. G.: Occurrences and management of lameness in goats: A case study of Magadu farm, Morogoro, Tanzania. Small Ruminant Res. 2009, 82, 149-151.
  • 39. Roger P. A.: The impact of disease and disease prevention on sheep welfare. Small Ruminant Res. 2008, 76, 104-111.
  • 40. Wassink G. J., George T. R. N., Kaler J., Green L. E.: Footrot and interdigital dermatitis in sheep: Farmer satisfaction with current management, their ideal management and sources used to adopt new strategies. Prev. Vet. Med. 2010, 96, 65-73.
  • 41. Wassink G. J., Green L. E., Grogono-Thomas R., Moore L. J.: Footrot in sheep. Vet. Rec. 2003, 153, pp. 572.
  • 42. Wassink G. J., Grogono-Thomas R., Moore L. J., Green L. E.: Risk factors associated with the prevalence of footrot in sheep from 1999 to 2000. Vet. Rec. 2003, 152, 351-358.
  • 43. Wassink G. J., King E. M., Grogono-Thomas R., Brown J. C., Moore L. J., Green L. E.: A within farm clinical trial to compare two treatments (parenteral antibacterials and hoof trimming) for sheep lame with footrot. Prev. Vet. Med. 2010, 96, 93-103.
  • 44. Wassink G. J., Moore L. J., Grogono-Thomas R., Green L. E.: Exploratory findings on the prevalence of contagious ovine digital dermatitis in sheep in England and Wales during 1999 to 2000. Vet. Rec. 2003, 152, 504-506.
  • 45. Wassink G. J., Moore L. J., Grogono-Thomas R., Green L. E.: Footrot and interdigital dermatitis in sheep: Farmers’ practices, opinions and attitudes. Vet. Rec. 2005, 157, 761-765.
  • 46. Welsh E. M., Gettinby G., Nolan A. M.: Comparison of a visual analogue scale and a numerical rating scale for assessment of lameness, using sheep as a model. Am. J. Vet. Res.1993, 54, 976-983.
  • 47. Winter A.: Differential diagnosis of lameness in sheep. 14th Int. Symp. and 6th Conf. on Lameness in Ruminants, Uruguay 8-11 Nov. 2006, p. 168-169.
  • 48. Winter A. C.: Footrot control and eradication (elimination) strategies. Small Ruminant Res. 2009, 86, 90-93.
  • 49. Winter A. C.: Lameness in sheep. Small Ruminant Res. 2008, 76, 149-153.
  • 50. Zhou H., Bennett G., Hickford J. G. H.: Variation in Fusobacterium necrophorum strains present on the hooves of footrot infected sheep, goats and cattle. Vet. Microbiol. 2009, 135, 363-367.

Uwagi

Rekord w opracowaniu

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.agro-0c1556b1-380d-49aa-90a5-4d3cf49ddaed
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.