PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2019 | 64 | 4 |

Tytuł artykułu

A large marine eosauropterygian reptile with affinities to nothosauroid diapsids from the Early Triassic of British Columbia, Canada

Treść / Zawartość

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
Sauropterygia, one of the main clades of Mesozoic marine reptiles, diversified shortly after the Permo-Triassic biotic crisis and afterwards remained one of the major components of Early Triassic and later Mesozoic marine ecosystems. On the other hand, actual specimens of marine reptiles of Olenekian age are still rare in the fossil record, coming only from a few localities worldwide. Here we describe associated remains of a larger marine reptile of around 4 m body length, with nothosauroidean affinities from the Sulphur Mountain Formation exposed at the L cirque locality of Wapiti Lake area in British Columbia. Although the specimen records only scattered parts of the posterior vertebral column, some gastral ribs and most notably, the proximal portion of one hind limb together with a fan-shaped ischium, it represents one of the oldest records of Sauropterygia and larger representatives of aff. Nothosauroidea specifically, as well as the northernmost occurrence of such animals in the Triassic. As such, the new specimen is important for understanding the biogeography and early evolution of the group and that of Sauropterygia, in general.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

64

Numer

4

Opis fizyczny

p.745–755,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Universitat Zurich, Palaontologisches Institut und Museum, Karl SchmidStrasse 4, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
autor
  • Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Box 7500, Drumheller, Alberta, T0J 0Y0, Canada
  • Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Box 7500, Drumheller, Alberta, T0J 0Y0, Canada

Bibliografia

  • Albers, P.C.H. 2005. A new specimen of Nothosaurus marchicus with features that relate the taxon to Nothosaurus winterswijkensis. PalArch Papers (Vertebrate Palaeontology) 3: 1–7.
  • Allison, P.A. 1988. Konservat-Lagerstätten: cause and classification. Paleobiology 14: 331–344.
  • Anderson, K. and Woods, A.D. 2013. Taphonomy of Early Triassic fish fossils of the Vega-Phroso Siltstone Member of the Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake, British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Palaeogeography 2: 321–343.
  • Bardet, N., Falconnet, J., Fischer, V., Houssaye, A., Jouve, S., Pereda Suberbiola, X., Pérez-García, A., Rage, J.-C., and Vincent, P. 2014. Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates. Gondwana Research 26: 869–887.
  • Callaway, J.M. 1997. A new look at Mixosaurus. In: J.M. Callaway, and E.L. Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, 45–59. Academic Press, San Diego.
  • Case, E.C. 1936. A nothosaur from the Triassic of Wyoming. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 5: 1–36.
  • Chen, X.-H., Motani, R., Cheng, L., Jiang, D.-Y., and Rieppel, O. 2014. A carapace-like bony “body tube” in an Early Triassic marine reptile and the onset of marine tetrapod predation. PLoS ONE 9(4): e94396.
  • Curioni, G. 1847. Cenni sopra un nuovo saurio fossile dei monti di Perledo sul Lario e sul terreno che lo racchiude. Giornale dell’ I. R. Istituto Lombardo di Scienze, Lettre ed Arti 16: 159–170.
  • Cuthbertson, R.S., Russell, A.P., and Anderson, J.S. 2013. Cranial morphology and relationships of a new grippidian (Ichthyopterygia) from the Vega-Phroso Siltstone Member (Lower Triassic) of British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33: 831–847.
  • Dalla Vecchia, F.M. 1994. Reptile remains from the Middle–Upper Triassic of the Carnic and Julian alps (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Northeastern Italy). Gortania. Atti del Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale 15 (for 1993): 46–66.
  • Dalla Vecchia, F.M. 2006. A new sauropterygian reptile with plesiosaurian affinity from the Late Triassic of Italy. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 112: 207–225.
  • Drevermann, F. 1933. Die Placodontier. 3. Das Skelett von Placodus gigas Agassiz im Senckenberg-Museum. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 38: 321–364.
  • Edwards, D.E., Barclay, J.E., Gibson, D.W., Kvill, G.E., and Halton, E. 1994. Triassic strata of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists and Alberta Research Council, Special Report 4: 259–275.
  • Fabbri, M., Dalla Vecchia, F.M., and Cau, A. 2014. New information on Bobosaurus forojuliensis (Reptilia: Sauropterygia): implications for plesiosaurian evolution. Historical Biology 26: 661–669.
  • Fritsch, K. von 1894. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Saurier des Halle’schen unteren Muschelkalkes. Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Halle 20: 273–302.
  • Fröbisch, N.B., Fröbisch, J., Sander, P.M., Schmitz, L., and Rieppel, O. 2013. A macropredatory ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic and the origin of modern trophic networks. PNAS 110: 1393–1397.
  • Geissler, G. 1895. Ueber neue Saurier-Funde aus dem Muschelkalk von Bayreuth. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 47: 331–355.
  • Hagdorn, H. and Rieppel, O. 1998. Stratigraphy of marine reptiles in the Triassic of Central Europe. Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I 1998 (7–8): 651–678.
  • Hänni, K. 2004. Die Gattung Ceresiosaurus. Ceresiosaurus calgagnii Peyer und Ceresiosaurus lanzi n. sp. (Lariosauridae, Sauropterygia). 146 pp. Vdf Hochschulverlag AG, Zürich.
  • Hansen, D.M. and Galetti, M. 2009. The forgotten megafauna. Science 324: 42–43.
  • Huene, F. von 1956. Paläontologie und Phylogenie der Niederen Tetrapoden. 716 pp. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Jena.
  • Jiang, D.-Y., Lin, W.-B., Rieppel, O., Motani, R., and Sun, Z.-Y. 2019. A new Anisian (Middle Triassic) eosauropterygian (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from Panzhou, Guizhou Province, China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38: 4 [published online, https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1480113]
  • Jiang, D.-Y., Maisch, M.W., Hao, W.-C., Sun, Y.-L., and Sun, Z.-Y. 2006. Nothosaurus yangjuanensis n. sp. (Reptilia, Sauropterygia, Nothosauridae) from the middle Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Guizhou, southwestern China. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte 2006 (5): 257–276.
  • Jiang, D.-Y., Motani, R., Tintori, A., Rieppel, O., Chen, G.-B., Huang, J.-D., Zhang, R., Sun, Z.-Y., and Ji, C. 2014. The Early Triassic eosauropterygian Majiashanosaurus discocoracoidis, gen. et sp. nov. (Reptilia, Sauropterygia), from Chaohu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34: 1044–1052.
  • Kear, B.P., Rich, T.H., Ali, M.A., Al-Mifarrih, Y.A., Matiri, A.H., Masary, A.M., and Attia, Y. 2008. Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) marine reptiles from the Adaffa Formation, NW Saudi Arabia. Geologi cal Magazine: 1–7.
  • Kelley, N.P., Motani, R., Jiang, D.-Y., Rieppel, O., and Schmitz, A. 2014. Selective extinction of Triassic marine reptiles during long-term sealevel changes illuminated by seawater strontium isotopes. Palaeo geography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 400: 9–16.
  • Ketchum, H.F. and Benson, R.B.J. 2011. A new pliosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) of England: evidence for a gracile longirostrine grade of Early–Middle Jurassic pliosaurids. Special Papers in Palaeontology 86: 109–129.
  • Klein, N. and Albers, P.C.H. 2009. A new species of the sauropsid reptile Nothosaurus from the Lower Muschelkalk of the western Germanic Basin, Winterswijk, The Netherlands. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54: 589–598.
  • Klein, N. and Scheyer, T.M. 2014. A new placodont sauropterygian from the Middle Triassic of the Netherlands. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59: 887–902.
  • Li, C., Jiang, D.-Y., Cheng, L., Wu, X.-C., and Rieppel, O. 2014. A new species of Largocephalosaurus (Diapsida: Saurosphargidae), with implications for the morphological diversity and phylogeny of the group. Geological Magazine 151: 100–120.
  • Li, C., Wu, X.-C., Cheng, Y.-N., Sato, T., and Wang, L. 2006. An unusual archosaurian from the marine Triassic of China. Naturwissenschaften 93: 200–206.
  • Li, J.-L. and Rieppel, O. 2004. A new nothosaur from Middle Triassic of Guizhou, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 42: 1–12.
  • Li, J.-L., Liu, J., and Rieppel, O. 2002. A new species of Lariosaurus (Sauropterygia: Nothosauridae) from Triassic of Guizhou, southwest China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 40: 114–126.
  • Liu, J., Hu, S.-X., Rieppel, O., Jiang, D.-Y., Benton, M.J., Kelley, N.P., Aitchison, J.C., Zhou, C.-Y., Wen, W., Huang, J.-Y., Xie, T., and Lv, T. 2014. A gigantic nothosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of SW China and its implication for the Triassic biotic recovery. Scientific Reports 4: 7142 .
  • Liu, J., Zhao, L.-J., Li, C., and He, T. 2013. Osteology of Concavispina biseridens (Reptilia, Thalattosauria) from the Xiaowa Formation (Carnian), Guanling, Guizhou, China. Journal of Paleontology 87: 341–350.
  • Ma, L.-T., Jiang, D.-Y., Rieppel, O., Motani, R., and Tintori, A. 2015. A new pistosauroid (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the late Ladinian Xingyi marine reptile level, southwestern China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (1): e881832.
  • Massare, J.A. and Callaway, J.M. 1994. Cymbospondylus (Ichthyosauria: Shastasauridae) from the lower Triassic Thaynes Formation of southeastern Idaho. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14: 139–141.
  • Maxwell, E.E. and Kear, B.P. 2013. Triassic ichthyopterygian assemblages of the Svalbard Archipelago: a reassessment of taxonomy and distribution. GFF 135 (1): 85–94.
  • McGowan, C. and Motani, R. 2003. Ichthyopterygia. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie / Handbook of Paleoherpetology Part 8: 1–173.
  • Meyer, H. von 1842. Simosaurus, die Stumpfschnauze, ein Saurier aus dem Muschelkalke von Luneville. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde 1842: 184–198.
  • Motani, R., Jiang, D.-Y., Chen, G.-B., Tintori, A., Rieppel, O., Ji, C., and Huang, J.-D. 2014a. A basal ichthyosauriform with a short snout from the Lower Triassic of China. Nature 517: 483–488.
  • Motani, R., Jiang, D.-Y., Tintori, A., Rieppel, O., and Chen, G.-B. 2014b. Terrestrial origin of viviparity in Mesozoic marine reptiles indicated by Early Triassic embryonic fossils. PLoS ONE 9(2): e88640.
  • Müller, J. 2005. The anatomy of Askeptosaurus italicus from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio and the interrelationships of thalattosaurs (Reptilia, Diapsida). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42: 1347–1367.
  • Münster, G. 1834. Vorläufige Nachricht über einige neue Reptilien im Muschelkalke von Baiern. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde 1834: 521–527.
  • Mutter, R.J. 2004. Fossile Fische aus der Trias der kanadischen Rocky Mountains. Vierteljahresschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich 149 (2–3): 51–58.
  • Mutter, R.J. and Neuman, A.G. 2008. New eugeneodontid sharks from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation of Western Canada. In: L. Cavin, A. Longbottom, and M. Richter (eds.), Fishes and the Breakup of Pangaea. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 295: 9 –41.
  • Mutter, R.J. and Neuman, A.G. 2009. Recovery from the end-Permian extinction event: Evidence from “Lilliput Listracanthus”. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 284: 22–28.
  • Neenan, J.M., Klein, N., and Scheyer, T.M. 2013. European origin of placodont marine reptiles and the evolution of crushing dentition in Placodontia. Nature Communications 4: 1621.
  • Neuman, A.G. 1986. Fossil Fishes of the Families Perleididae and Parasemionotidae from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation of Western Canada. 142 pp. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Alberta, Edmonton.
  • Nopcsa, F. 1928. Palaeontological notes on reptiles. Geologica Hungarica, Palaeontology Series 1: 1–84.
  • O’Keefe, F.R., Street, H.P., Wilhelm, B.C., Richards, C.D., and Zhu, H. 2011. A new skeleton of the cryptoclidid plesiosaur Tatenectes laramiensis reveals a novel body shape among plesiosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 330–339.
  • Orchard, M.J. and Zonneveld, J.-P. 2009. The Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation in the Wapiti Lake area: lithostratigraphy, conodont biostratigraphy, and a new biozonation for the lower Olenekian (Smithian) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46: 757–790.
  • Owen, R. 1860. Palaeontology, or, a Systematic Summary of Extinct Animals and their Geological Relations. xv + 420 pp. Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh.
  • Peyer, B. 1931. Paraplacodus broilii nov. gen. nov. sp., ein neuer Placodontier aus der Tessiner Trias. Centralblatt für Mineralogie, etc. Abt. B 10: 570–573.
  • Peyer, B. 1939. Die Triasfauna der Tessiner Kalkalpen XIV. Paranothosaurus amsleri nov. gen. nov. spec. Abhandlungen der schweizerischen Paläontologischen Gesellschaft 62: 1–87.
  • Rieppel, O. 1989. Helveticosaurus zollingeri Peyer (Reptilia, Diapsida) skeletal paedomorphosis, functional anatomy and systematic affinities. Palaeontographica A 208: 123–152.
  • Rieppel, O. 1994. Osteology of Simosaurus gaillardoti and the relationships of stem-group Sauropterygia. Fieldiana (Geology), New Series 28: 1–85.
  • Rieppel, O. 1997. Revision of the sauropterygian reptile genus Cymatosaurus v. Fritsch, 1894, and the relationships of Germanosaurus Nopcsa, 1928, from the Middle Triassic of Europe. Fieldiana (Geology), New Series 36: 1–38.
  • Rieppel, O. 1998. Corosaurus alcovensis Case and the phylogenetic interrelationships of Triassic stem-group Sauropterygia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 124: 1–41.
  • Rieppel, O. 1999. Phylogeny and paleobiogeography of Triassic Sauropterygia: problems solved and unresolved. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 153: 1–15.
  • Rieppel, O. 2000. Sauropterygia. I. Placodontia, Pachypleurosauria, Notho - sauroidea, Pistosauroidea. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie 12A: 1–134.
  • Rieppel, O. and Hagdorn, H. 1997. Paleobiogeography of Middle Triassic Sauropterygia in central and western Europe. In: J.M. Callaway, and E.L. Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, 121–144. Academic Press, San Diego.
  • Rieppel, O. and Wild, R. 1996. A revision of the genus Nothosaurus (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Germanic Triassic, with comments on the status of Conchiosaurus clavatus. Fieldiana (Geology), New Series 34: 1–82.
  • Rieppel, O., Li, C., and Fraser, N.C. 2008. The skeletal anatomy of the Triassic protorosaur Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou Province, Southern China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 95–110.
  • Rieppel, O., Liu, J., and Li, C. 2006. A new species of the thalattosaur genus Anshunsaurus (Reptilia: Thalattosauria) from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou Province, Southwestern China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 44: 285–296.
  • Rieppel, O., Mazin, J.-M., and Tchernov, E. 1999. Sauropterygia from the Middle Triassic of Makhtesh Ramon, Negev, Israel. Fieldiana (Geology), New Series 40: 1–85.
  • Romano, C., Jenks, J.F., Jattiot, R., Scheyer, T.M., Bylund, K.G., and Bucher, H. 2017. Marine Early Triassic Actinopterygii from Elko County (Nevada, USA): implications for the Smithian equatorial vertebrate eclipse. Journal of Paleontology 91: 1025–1046.
  • Romano, C., Koot, M.B., Kogan, I., Brayard, A., Minikh, A.V., Brinkmann, W., Bucher, H., and Kriwet, J. 2016. Permian–Triassic Osteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution. Biological Reviews 91: 106–147.
  • Sander, P.M., Rieppel, O.C., and Bucher, H. 1997. A new pistosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of Nevada and its implications for the origin of the plesiosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17: 526–533.
  • Sato, T., Cheng, Y.-N., Wu, X.-C., and Li, C. 2010. Osteology of Yunguisaurus Cheng et al., 2006 (Reptilia; Sauropterygia), a Triassic pistosauroid from China. Paleontological Research 14: 179–195.
  • Sato, T., Zhao, L.-J., Wu, X.-C., and Li, C. 2014. A new specimen of the Triassic pistosauroid Yunguisaurus, with implications for the origin of Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauropterygia). Palaeontology 57: 55–76.
  • Schaeffer, B. and Mangus, M. 1976. An Early Triassic fish assemblage from British Columbia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 156: 515–564.
  • Scheyer, T.M., Neenan, J.M., Bodogan, T., Furrer, H., Obrist, C., and Plamondon, M. 2017. A new, exceptionally preserved juvenile specimen of Eusaurosphargis dalsassoi (Diapsida) and implications for Mesozoic marine diapsid phylogeny. Scientific Reports 7: 4406.
  • Scheyer, T.M., Romano, C., Jenks, J., and Bucher, H. 2014. Early Triassic marine biotic recovery: the predators’ perspective. PLoS ONE 9 (3): e88987.
  • Seilacher, A. 1970. Begriff and Bedeutung der Fossil-Lagerstätten. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte 1970 (1): 34–39.
  • Smith, A.S. and Vincent, P. 2010. A new genus of pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden, Germany. Palaeontology 53: 1049–1063.
  • Storrs, G.W. 1991. Anatomy and relationships of Corosaurus alcovensis (Diapsida: Sauropterygia) and the Triassic Alcova Limestone of Wyoming. Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin 44: 1–151.
  • Sues, H.-D. 1987. The postcranial skeleton of Pistosaurus and the interrelationships of the Sauropterygia (Diapsida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 90: 109–131.
  • Tschanz, K. 1989. Lariosaurus buzzii n. sp. from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland) with comments on the classification of nothosaurs. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 208 (4–6): 153–179.
  • Vickers-Rich, P., Rich, T.H., Rieppel, O., Thulborn, R.A., and McClure, H.A. 1999. A Middle Triassic vertebrate fauna from the Jilh Formation, Saudi Arabia. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 213: 201–232.
  • Voeten, D.F.A.E., Sander, P.M., and Klein, N. 2015. Skeletal material from larger Eusauropterygia (Reptilia: Eosauropterygia) with nothosaurian and cymatosaurian affinities from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk, The Netherlands. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 89: 943–960.
  • Wild, R. 1973. E. Kuhn-Schnyder und B. Peyer: Die Triasfauna der Tessiner Kalkalpen. XXIII. Tanystropheus longobardicus (Bassani) (Neue Ergebnisse). Schweizerische Paläontologische Abhandlungen 95: 1–162.
  • Wintrich, T., Hayashi, S., Houssaye, A., Nakajima, Y., and Sander, P.M. 2017. A Triassic plesiosaurian skeleton and bone histology inform on evolution of a unique body plan. Science Advances 3: e1701144 [doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1701144].
  • Wu, X.-C., Cheng, Y.-N., Sato, T., and Shan, H.-Y. 2009. Miodentosaurus brevis Cheng et al., 2007 (Diapsida: Thalattosauria): its postcranial skeleton and phylogenetic relationships. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 47: 1–20.
  • Zangerl, R. 1963. Preliminary results of a restudy of Corosaurus alcovensis Case, the only known new world nothosaur. Rocky Mountain Geology (Contributions to Geology) 2: 117–123.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.agro-0be66885-9216-4a92-aa96-9088e3638344
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.