PL
Celem artykułu jest próba zdefiniowania żywiołowości w kontekście procesów przestrzennych, a w szczególności obserwowanego od początku lat 90. masowego lokalizowania zabudowy w sąsiedztwie dużych ośrodków miejskich. Autorka przywołuje w nim dorobek teoretyczny dotyczący zjawisk żywiołowych, porządkuje terminologię związaną z różnymi kategoriami zjawisk społecznych, zwracając jednocześnie uwagę na potrzebę zapełnienia swoistej luki, jaka wytworzyła się w stanie badań nad procesami przestrzennymi wymykającymi się regulacjom instytucjonalnym.
EN
Space is a scene of many different processes changing its features, structure and land use. Processes in a time perspective consists of a series of phenomena taking place one after another. In social reality we identify three kinds of phenomena: planned, spontaneous and uncontrolled. Before the systemic change uncontrolled phenomena were found as little important due to their destructive impact on the prevailing planned order. Rapid increase of spontaneous spatial phenomena can be observed in Poland after accession to the countries of free-market economy. This article is a kind of a summary of theoretical knowledge about uncontrolled spatial processes. The author makes a review of scientific literature and sorts all the definitions and classifications into two ways of understanding this term referring to two mechanisms that create such processes. On the one hand uncontrolled processes are the sum of spontaneous behaviors and on the other hand the results that were not foreseen at the stage of spatial planning. One of the examples of widespread uncontrolled processes in Poland now are rapid changes of land-use which manifest in localizing new structures on a terrain that is completely unprepared for such investment. Uncontrolled localizations are one of those phenomena that lead to negative consequences that are difficult to resist. Spatial expansion of the most big Polish cities are ruled by the process of uncontrolled suburbanization.