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2012 | 72 | 4 |

Tytuł artykułu

Global brain ischemia in Mongolian gerbils: Assessing the level of anastomosis in the cerebral circle of Willis

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
The Mongolian gerbil has been widely used as a global brain ischemia model because of its incomplete cerebral circle of Willis. However, the inter-individual anatomic variability of this vascular structure interferes with the reliability of the model. The aim of this work was to introduce modifications to the protocol of global brain ischemia experiments in Mongolian gerbils in an attempt to increase the reliability and usefulness of this model. Our study focused on the assessment of the level of anastomosis of the cerebral circle of Willis in order to evaluate its contribution to clinicopathological outcomes in this model. Sham-operated, Ischemic, and Ischemic + Hypothermia animals were subjected to a 15-minute occlusion of the common carotid arteries. Transcardiac perfusion with bromophenol blue / gelatin solution was performed 72 hours after ischemia. Brains were processed for anatomopathological analysis. Tissue damage was observed in the hippocampus, caudate-putamen nucleus, neocortex, and thalamic nuclei of animals from the Ischemic group. The circles of Willis of the Sham-operated animals showed bilateral (38%), unilateral (48%) or no posterior communicating arteries (14%). A negative correlation between infarct volume and the level of anastomosis was revealed for the Ischemic, but not for the Ischemic + Hypothermia group. Additionally, Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to assess the contribution of the level of anastomosis to the clinicopathological outcomes. It was confirmed that the infarct volume decreased in the Ischemic + Hypothermia group when compared to the Ischemic group. Since the level of anastomosis cannot be predicted, this variable should necessarily be considered when analyzing the results of global brain ischemia in Mongolian gerbils.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

72

Numer

4

Opis fizyczny

p.377-384,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

  • Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, La Habana, Cuba
  • Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, La Habana, Cuba
  • Department of Experimental Neurology, Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, La Habana, Cuba
  • National Center for Medical Information (INFOMED), La Habana, Cuba
  • Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, La Habana, Cuba
  • Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Center for Scientific Research (CNIC), La Habana, Cuba
  • Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, La Habana, Cuba
  • Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, La Habana, Cuba
  • Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, La Habana, Cuba

Bibliografia

  • Castillo J, Marti-Vilalta JL, Martinez-Vila E, Matias-Guiu J (1999) Handbook of Cerebrovascular Diseases (in Spanish). Prous Science, Barcelona, ES. Colbourne F, Auer RN, Sutherland GR (1998) Behavioral testing does not exacerbate ischemic CA1 damage in ger¬bils. Stroke 29: 1967-1970.
  • Cucchiara B, Detre J (2008) Migraine and cerebral circle of Willis anomalies. Med Hypotheses 70: 860-865.
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  • Kirino T (1982) Delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hip¬pocampus following ischemia. Brain Res 239: 57-69.
  • Krabbe-Hartkamp MJ, van der Grond J, de Leeuw FE, de Groot JC, Algra A, Hillen B, Breteler MM, Mali WP (1998) Cerebral circle of Willis: morphologic variation on three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiograms. Radiology 207: 103-111.
  • Laidley DT, Colbourne F, Corbett D (2005) Increased behavioral and histological variability arising from changes in cerebrovascular anatomy of the Mongolian gerbil. Curr Neurovasc Res 2: 401-407.
  • Lawner P, Laurent J, Simeone F, Fink E, Rubin E (1979) Attenuation of ischemic brain edema by pentobarbital after carotid ligation in the gerbil. Stroke 10: 644-647.
  • Levine S, Sohn D (1969) Cerebral ischemia in infant and adult gerbils. Relation to incomplete cerebral circle of Willis. Arch Pathol 87: 315-317.
  • Linares G, Mayer SA (2009) Hypothermia for the treatment of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Crit Care Med 37: S243-S249.
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  • Macleod MR, Petersson J, Norrving B, Hacke W, Dirnagl U, Wagner M, Schwab S (2010) Hypothermia for Stroke: call to action 2010. Int J Stroke 5: 489-492.
  • Manninen H, Makinen K, Vanninen R, Ronkainen A, Tulla H (2009) How often does an incomplete cerebral circle of Willis predispose to cerebral ischemia during closure of carotid artery? Postmortem and clinical imaging studies. Acta Neurochir (Wien ) 151: 1099-1105.
  • Seal JB, Buchh BN, Marks JD (2006) New variability in cerebrovascular anatomy determines severity of hip- pocampal injury following forebrain ischemia in the Mongolian gerbil. Brain Res 1073-1074: 451-459.
  • Shuaib A, Hussain MS (2008) The past and future of neuropro¬tection in cerebral ischaemic stroke. Eur Neurol 59: 4-14.
  • Stummer W, Weber K, Tranmer B, Baethmann A, Kempski O (1994) Reduced mortality and brain damage after loco¬motor activity in gerbil forebrain ischemia. Stroke 25: 1862-1869.
  • Traystman RJ (2003) Animal Models of Focal and Global Cerebral Ischemia. ILAR Journal 44: 85-95.
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Bibliografia

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